Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

θ	thin	ð	this	ʃ	she	ʒ	measure
tʃ	church	dʒ	judge	ŋ	sing	j	yes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

-s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
-ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
-ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

upend

/ʌpˈɛnd/ verb, proper noun

verb (transitive) To end up; to set on end.
verb (transitive) To tip or turn over. “When he upended the bottle of water over his sleeping sister, the lid popped off and surprised them both.”
verb (transitive, figurative) To destroy, invalidate, overthrow, or defeat. “The scientific evidence upended the popular myth.”
verb (transitive, figurative) To affect or upset drastically. “By the middle of March 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic upended normal life for virtually all Americans.”
proper noun A hamlet in Kirtling parish, East Cambridgeshire district, Cambridgeshire, England (OS grid ref TL7058).

Etymology

From up- + end.

Sources: Wiktionary · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “upend”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details