Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

bogey

UK /bəʊɡi/ · US /boʊɡi/ noun, verb, proper noun

Also a form of bogie

Forms bogeys bogeying bogeyed bogied bogie bogy

  1. noun A ghost, goblin, or other hostile supernatural creature.
  2. noun (archaic, often capitalized, usually with definite article) The Devil.
  3. noun (figuratively) A bugbear: any terrifying thing.
  4. noun (UK, slang) A police officer.
  5. noun (engineering) A standard of performance set up as a mark to be aimed at in competition.
  6. noun (military, aviation) An unidentified aircraft, especially as observed as a spot on a radar screen and suspected to be hostile.
  7. noun (military, aviation, slang, proscribed) Synonym of bandit: an enemy aircraft.
  8. noun (golf) The notional opponent of a golfer playing alone.
  9. verb (golf, ambitransitive) To make a bogey on (a particular hole).
  10. noun (UK, engineering) A bog-standard (representative) specimen taken from the center of production.
  11. verb (Australia) To swim; to bathe.
  12. noun (Australia) A swim or bathe; a bath.
  13. proper noun A male given name.
  14. proper noun (informal) Humphrey Bogart (1899–1957), American film and stage actor.

Synonyms

goblin Azazel devil demon imp bandit bogy bogie

Etymology

Probably related to or alteration of bogle, akin to or from a variant of Middle English bugge (“frightening specter, scarecrow”) (whence bug), itself of uncertain origin: perhaps from obsolete Welsh bwg (“ghost, hobgoblin”); compare Welsh bwgwl (“threat”, older “fear”), Irish bagairt (“threat”), but perhaps the root was borrowed from Germanic. Otherwise from Proto-Germanic *bugja- (“swollen up, thick”); compare Norwegian bugge (“big man”), dialectal Low German Bögge and Alemannic German Böögg (“goblin”, “snot”).
See also Proto-Germanic *pūkô (“a goblin, spook”), Old English pūca (“goblin, mischievous spirit”), Icelandic púki Swedish puke (“small devil, spook”), whence obsolete English puck. Perhaps the Middle English and Welsh words come from a word related to buck and originally referred to a goat-shaped specter. Compare also booger.
The golf sense is from the devil as an imaginary player. The sometimes proscribed conflation with bandit was popularized by the 1986 film Top Gun.

Clipping of bog-standard + -ey (diminutive suffix).

From Dharug bugi- (“to bathe, dive”).

A variant of bogie.

Webster’s 1913

  1. noun A goblin; a bugbear. See Bogy.

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “bogey”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details