Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

circulate

UK /ˈsɜː.kjʊˌleɪt/ · US /ˈsɝ.kjʊˌleɪt/ verb

Forms circulates circulating circulated

  1. verb (intransitive) To move in circles or through a circuit.
  2. verb (transitive) To cause (a person or thing) to move in circles or through a circuit.
  3. verb (intransitive) To move from person to person, as at a party.
  4. verb (transitive) To spread or disseminate. “to circulate money or gossip”
  5. verb (intransitive) To become widely known.
  6. verb (mathematics, intransitive) Of decimals: to repeat. “a circulating decimal”

Synonyms

put about spread disseminate go around circularize circularise distribute propagate broadcast diffuse disperse pass around pass on circle mobilize mobilise

Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin circulātus, perfect passive participle of Late Latin circulō (“to make circular, encircle”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), a later collateral form of circulor (“form a circle (of men) around oneself”), from circulus (“a circle”). See also Middle English circulat(e) (“(alchemy) changed by continuous distillation in a closed vessel”).

Webster’s 1913

  1. verb To move in a circle or circuitously; to move round and return to the same point; as, the blood circulates in the body. Boyle.
  2. verb To pass from place to place, from person to person, or from hand to hand; to be diffused; as, money circulates; a story circulates.
  3. verb To cause to pass from place to place, or from person to person; to spread; as, to circulate a report; to circulate bills of credit.

Etymology [L. circulatus, p. p. of circulare, v. t., to surround, make round, circulari, v. i., to gather into a circle. See Circle.]

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “circulate”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details

Sanskrit

Sanskrit dictionary entries whose meaning includes “circulate” (best matches first).