Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

cisalpine

UK /sɪsˈælpaɪn/ · US /ˌsɪsˈælpaɪn/ adjective, noun

Forms Cisalpines

  1. adjective On this side of the Alps (chiefly the south side where Rome is located).
  2. adjective Synonym of Gallican (“of or pertaining to Gallicanism (“the doctrine that the church of France is autonomous, especially in relation to the pope”)”).
  3. adjective (UK) Of or pertaining to cisalpinism (“a movement in 18th–19th century Britain among Roman Catholics which took the view that allegiance to the Crown was compatible with allegiance to the pope, and that Roman Catholics should be emancipated from various legal restrictions”).
  4. noun Synonym of Gallican (“an adherent to, and supporter of, Gallicanism”).
  5. noun (UK) In 18th–19th century Britain, a Roman Catholic opponent of ultramontanism and advocate of Catholic emancipation through compromise and obedience to secular authorities.

Synonyms

cismontane Gallican ultramontane

Antonyms

transalpine transmontane tramontane ultramontane

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin cisalpīnus (“cisalpine”) + English -ine (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’). Cisalpīnus is derived from cis (“on or to this or the near side of”) + Alpīnus (“of or pertaining to the Alps, alpine”) (from Alpēs (“Alps”) (ultimate etymology uncertain, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (“to grow; to nourish”), Celtic, or a pre-Roman Alpine substrate) + -īnus (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’)). The English word is analysable as cis- + Alpine.

The adjective is derived from cisalpine (“on this side of the Alps (chiefly the south side where Rome is located)”). Adjective sense 2 (“of or pertaining to cisalpinism”) was popularized by the Cisalpine Club which was founded in England in 1792.
The noun is derived from the adjective.

Webster’s 1913

  1. adjective On the hither side of the Alps with reference to Rome, that is, on the south side of the Alps; --opposed to transalpine.

Etymology [L. Cisalpinus; cis on this side + Alpinus Alpine.]

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “cisalpine”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details