Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

θ	thin	ð	this	ʃ	she	ʒ	measure
tʃ	church	dʒ	judge	ŋ	sing	j	yes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

-s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
-ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
-ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

afterthought

/ˈæft.ɚ.θɔt/ noun, verb

Forms afterthoughts afterthoughting afterthoughted

noun A reflection after an act; a later or subsequent thought, action, or expedient. “She packed her sandals only as an afterthought, but she was glad she did.”
noun Something additional to the original plan or concept. “This whole remodeling was an afterthought; we were only going to paint and call it good.”
verb (very rare except in the past tense, possibly nonstandard) To expound as an afterthought.

Synonyms

From after- + thought, probably modelled on forethought. Compare also the verb afterthink.

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “afterthought”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details