Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

doff

UK /dɒf/ · US /dɔf/ verb, noun

Also a form of dough

Forms doffs doffing doffed doffest doffedst doffeth

  1. verb (chiefly clothing) To remove or take off (something worn on the body such as armour or clothing, or something carried).
  2. verb To remove or tip (a hat or other headwear) in greeting or salutation, or as a mark of respect. “The rustics doffed their hats at the clergy.”
  3. verb (reflexive, archaic except UK, dialectal) To undress (oneself); to divest, to strip.
  4. verb (figurative) To cast aside or get rid of (something), to throw off. “Doff that stupid idea: it will never work.”
  5. verb To remove (a bobbin or spindle which is full of spun yarn) from a spinning frame for replacement with an empty one.
  6. verb To remove (small pieces of cotton or other plant fibre, etc.) from a carding cylinder.
  7. verb (obsolete) To put off or turn away (someone) with an excuse, etc.
  8. verb (archaic) To remove or tip a hat or other headwear in greeting or salutation, or as a mark of respect.
  9. noun (obsolete, rare) Followed by off: an act of putting off or turning away someone with an excuse, etc.

Antonyms

don put on

Etymology

The verb is derived from Late Middle English doffen (“to take off (clothing); to remove (headwear) as a sign of respect; to remove (grease) by skimming”), a contraction of Middle English do off, don off, from Old English dōn of, from dōn (“to do; to put; to take off, remove”) + of (“from; off”). Dōn is derived from Proto-West Germanic *dōn (“to do; to place, put”), from Proto-Germanic *dōną (“to do; to make; to place, put”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“to do; to place, put”). By surface analysis, do + off. Compare don (by surface analysis, do + on), dout (do + out), dup (do + up).
The noun is derived from the verb.

Webster’s 1913

  1. verb To put off, as dress; to divest one's self of; hence, figuratively, to put or thrust away; to rid one's self of. And made us doff our easy robes of peace. Shak.
  2. verb To strip; to divest; to undress.
  3. verb To put off dress; to take off the hat.

Etymology [Do + off. See Do, v. t., 7.]

Sources: Wiktionary · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “doff”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details