Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

dude

UK /d(j)uːd/ · US /duːd/ noun, interjection, verb

Forms dudes dudeing duding duded dood dewd d00d dud dued

  1. noun (chiefly US, Canada, colloquial) A man, generally a younger man. “So we were at the mall and these two dudes just walk up to us and say "hi".”
  2. noun (colloquial, used in the vocative) A term of address for someone, often but not exclusively a man, particularly when hailing, cautioning them or offering advice. “Hey, dude, how's it going?”
  3. noun (slang) A tourist.
  4. noun (birdwatching, derogatory) A birder who has expensive clothing and equipment, but scant knowledge of birds, their fieldmarks, habits, etc.
  5. noun (archaic) A man who is very concerned about his dress and appearance; a dandy, a fop.
  6. noun (US, historical) In the west, a city slicker with scant knowledge of horses, cattle, or frontier survival.
  7. interjection (slang) A term of address, usually for a man, conveying awe, excitement, surprise, annoyance, etc. “Dude! You finally called!”
  8. verb To address someone as dude.
  9. verb To take a vacation in a dude ranch.
  10. verb (US) Usually followed by up: to dress up, to wear smart or special clothes.

Synonyms

bloke chap cove guy boy bro broski bruh cat chappy chield covey dog [⇒ thesaurus] (slang) dawg fella fellow gadgie gate geezer gink buster dandy fop gallant sheik beau swell fashion plate clotheshorse

Etymology

Uncertain, though likely a clipping of doodle (“fool, simpleton, mindless person”), perhaps with reference to the fashionable “Yankee Doodle dandy” in the 18th-century lyrics of the song “Yankee Doodle”; the word is first attested in 1883 as a New York City slang term of contempt for a “fastidious man, fop”. If so, then related to German Low German Dudeldop, Dudendop (“fool, dunce”), Saterland Frisian Duddigegen (“idiot”).
It has also been suggested that the word is derived from dudes (“old rags”; compare duds) and dudesman (“scarecrow”), or possibly related to dawdle; It has also been suggested the word derives from the Irish dúid.
The common claim that the term derives from (or is) a word for a camel's foreskin (or some other vulgar thing, like a hair on a cow, horse, donkey, or elephant's bottom) is false.

Webster’s 1913

  1. noun A kind of dandy; especially, one characterized by an ultrafashionable style of dress and other affectations. [Recent]

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “dude”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details