Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

exfoliate

UK /ɛksˈfəʊlieɪt/ · US /ɛksˈfoʊlieɪt/ verb

Forms exfoliates exfoliating exfoliated

  1. verb To remove the leaves from a plant.
  2. verb To remove a layer of dead skin cells, as in cosmetic preparation.
  3. verb (mineralogy) To split into scales, especially to become converted into scales as the result of heat or decomposition.

Synonyms

defoliate unleave unleaf

Etymology

From Late Latin exfoliō (“to strip of leaves”), from ex- (“out of”) + folium (“leaf”); compare effoliate and French exfolier.

Webster’s 1913

  1. verb To separate and come off in scales or laminæ, as pieces of carious bone or of bark.
  2. verb To split into scales, especially to become converted into scales at the result of heat or decomposition.
  3. To remove scales, laminæ, or splinters from the surface of.

Etymology [L. exfoliare to strip of leaves; ex out, from + folium leaf.]

Sources: Wiktionary · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “exfoliate”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details