Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

graduate

UK /ˈɡɹædjueɪt/ · US /ˈɡɹæd͡ʒuɪt/ noun, adjective, verb

Forms graduates graduating graduated

  1. noun A person who is recognized by a university as having completed the requirements of a degree studied at the institution. “If the government wants graduates to stay in the country, they should offer more incentives.”
  2. noun (US, Canada, Philippines) A person who is recognized by a high school as having completed the requirements of a course of study at the school. “If the school board wants a higher percentage of students to become graduates, they should improve their remedial help for underachieving students.”
  3. noun A graduated (marked) cup or other container, thus fit for measuring.
  4. adjective graduated, arranged by degrees
  5. adjective holding an academic degree
  6. adjective relating to an academic degree
  7. verb (intransitive, ergative) To be recognized by a school or university as having completed the requirements of a degree studied at the institution. “The man graduated in 1967.”
  8. verb (transitive, proscribed) To be certified as having earned a degree from; to graduate from (an institution). “Trisha graduated college.”
  9. verb (transitive) To certify (a student) as having earned a degree “Indiana University graduated the student.”
  10. verb (transitive) To mark (something) with degrees; to divide into regular steps or intervals, as the scale of a thermometer, a scheme of punishment or rewards, etc.
  11. verb (intransitive) To change gradually.
  12. verb To prepare gradually; to arrange, temper, or modify by degrees or to a certain degree; to determine the degrees of.
  13. verb (chemistry) To bring to a certain degree of consistency, by evaporation, as a fluid.
  14. verb (intransitive) To taper, as the tail of certain birds.

Synonyms

alumnus alumna alum grad calibrate fine-tune postgraduate

Etymology

From Middle English graduat(e) (“(noun) a graduate of a university; (adjective) graduate, having graduated”, also used as the past participle of graduaten (“to graduate”)), borrowed from Medieval Latin graduātus (“graduated, graduate”), perfect passive participle of graduō (“to graduate”) (see -ate (adjective-forming suffix)), from gradus (“step”) + -ō (verb-forming suffix). The noun is originally derived within Latin from the adjective via substantivization, see -ate (noun-forming suffix). Sense 10 of the verb, relating to Japanese entertainment, is a semantic loan from Japanese 卒業 (sotsugyō).

From Middle English graduaten (“to graduate”), from (adjective) graduat(e) (also used as the past participle of graduaten) + -en (verb-forming suffix), from Medieval Latin graduātus, see -ate (verb-forming suffix) and Etymology 1 for more.

Webster’s 1913

  1. verb To mark with degrees; to divide into regular steps, grades, or intervals, as the scale of a thermometer, a scheme of punishment or rewards, etc.
  2. verb To admit or elevate to a certain grade or degree; esp., in a college or university, to admit, at the close of the course, to an honorable standing defined by a diploma; as, he was graduated at Yale College.
  3. verb To pass by degrees; to change gradually; to shade off; as, sandstone which graduates into gneiss; carnelian sometimes graduates into quartz.
  4. verb To taper, as the tail of certain birds.

Etymology [Cf. F. graduer. See Graduate, n., Grade.]

Etymology [LL. graduatus, p. p. of graduare to admit to a degree, fr. L. gradus grade. See Grade, n.]

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “graduate”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details