Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

gudgeon

UK /ˈɡʌdʒən/ · US /ˈɡʌd͡ʒən/ noun, verb

Forms gudgeons gudgeoning gudgeoned

  1. noun A small freshwater fish of species Gobio gobio, native to Eurasia.
  2. noun (Canada) Cottus bairdii, more widely known as mottled sculpin.
  3. noun (Australia) Any of various similar small fish of the family Eleotridae, often used as bait.
  4. noun Any of various other fish, similar in appearance and principally in families Butidae and Eleotridae.
  5. noun (figurative, archaic) A person apt to take the bait; one easily cheated or duped; also, an idiot.
  6. noun (figurative, archaic) Something used to lure or tempt; bait, a lure.
  7. verb (transitive, archaic) To deprive (someone) fraudulently; to cheat, to dupe.
  8. verb (intransitive, archaic) To take the bait; to be defrauded or duped.
  9. noun (also attributively) A circular or cylindrical fitting, often made of metal, into which a pin or pintle fits to create a hinge or pivoting joint.
  10. noun (nautical, specifically) In a vessel with a stern-mounted rudder: the fitting into which the pintle of the rudder fits, allowing the rudder to swing freely.

Synonyms

common gudgeon goby wapper sleeper goby chump chumpion cousin cull cully dupe dotterel easy mark fall guy fish gull juggins live one mark mug muggins Gobio gobio

Etymology

The noun is derived from Late Middle English gojoun [and other forms], from Old French gojon, goujon (“gudgeon”), from Late Latin gōbiōnem, the accusative of gōbiō, the augmentative of Latin gōbius (“gudgeon”), from Ancient Greek κωβῐός (kōbĭós, “fish of the gudgeon kind”), probably of Semitic origin. The English word is a doublet of goby and goujon.
The verb is derived from the noun.

From Middle English gojoun (“metal fitting with a ring at one end”) [and other forms], from Old French goujon (“dowel; pin”) [and other forms], from gouge (“gouge (tool)”) + -on (suffix forming diminutives). Gouge is derived from Late Latin gulbia, gubia (“chisel”), ultimately from Proto-Celtic *gulbā, *gulbīnos (“beak, bill”).

Webster’s 1913

  1. noun A small European freshwater fish (Gobio fluviatilis), allied to the carp. It is easily caught and often used for food and for bait.
  2. noun What may be got without skill or merit.
  3. verb To deprive fraudulently; to cheat; to dupe; to impose upon.

Etymology [OE. gojon, F. goujon, from L. gobio, or gob, Gr. 1st Goby.]

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “gudgeon”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details