Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

θ	thin	ð	this	ʃ	she	ʒ	measure
tʃ	church	dʒ	judge	ŋ	sing	j	yes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

-s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
-ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
-ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

heterological

adjective

adjective (grammar) Of a word, not describing itself. “The words ultrashort and onomatopoeia are heterological: ultrashort might be called short but is not an ultrashort word, and onomatopoeia is not an onomatopoeic word.”
adjective (philosophy) Not true of itself.
adjective (biology, of biomolecules, tissues, or body parts) Not of shared ancestral origin.
adjective Supporting or attracted to otherness.
adjective Having or supporting multiple interpretations.

Synonyms

From Ancient Greek ἕτερος (héteros, “different”) + λόγος (lógos, “word”), by surface analysis, heterology + -ical.

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 — from the Wiktionary entry “heterological”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details