Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

Indo-European

/ˌɪndəʊˌjʊəɹəˈpiːən/ proper noun, noun, adjective

Forms Indo-Europeans Indoeuropean IE IE.

  1. proper noun A major language family which includes many of the native languages of Europe, Western Asia and India, with notable Indic, Iranian and European sub-branches.
  2. proper noun Proto-Indo-European: the hypothetical parent language of the Indo-European language family.
  3. noun (anthropology, archaeology, linguistics) A member of the original ethnolinguistic group hypothesized to have spoken Proto-Indo-European and thus to have been the ancestor for most of India and Western Eurasia.
  4. noun A speaker of any Indo-European language (though especially an ancient one), or a member of an Indo-European culture, who is regarded as a continuation of the Proto-Indo-Europeans in terms of language, ancestry, or cultural affinity.
  5. noun (rare) A European living in India or the Indies.
  6. noun (loosely, uncommon) A person of mixed European and Indian or Indonesian ancestry.
  7. adjective Of or relating to the family of languages originally spoken in Europe and Western Asia.
  8. adjective Of or relating to the hypothetical parent language of the Indo-European language family.
  9. adjective Of or relating to the hypothetical group of peoples that spread early Indo-European languages.
  10. adjective (loosely, uncommon) Of or relating to persons of mixed European and Indian or Indonesian ancestry.

Synonyms

Indo-Germanic Proto-Indo-European PIE Aryan Indo-European language Indo-Hittite Indo-Aryan

Etymology

Coined by English polymath Thomas Young in 1813, from Indo- + European, relating to the geographical extremes in India and Europe (which was valid before the discovery of Tocharian languages in the early 20th century).

Webster’s 1913

  1. adjective Aryan; --applied to the languages of India and Europe which are derived from the prehistoric Aryan language; also, pertaining to the people or nations who speak these languages; as, the Indo- European or Aryan family.

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “Indo-European”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details