Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

θ	thin	ð	this	ʃ	she	ʒ	measure
tʃ	church	dʒ	judge	ŋ	sing	j	yes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

-s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
-ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
-ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

keep down

verb

Forms keeps down keeping down kept down

verb (transitive) To repress. “The dictatorial state keeps down its dissidents very efficiently.”
verb (transitive) To restrain or control (a sound). “We must keep the noise down, or the neighbours will complain.”
verb (transitive) To cause not to increase or rise. “It is essential to keep the numbers down to avoid overcrowding.”
verb (transitive) To retain in the stomach without vomiting. “It is difficult to keep anything down when you have the flu.”
verb (intransitive) To lie low; to stay concealed by not standing up. “You had better keep down or they will see you.”
verb (obsolete, printing) To refrain from using capital letters more than absolutely necessary.

Synonyms

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 — from the Wiktionary entry “keep down”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details