Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

localism

UK /ˈləʊkəlɪz(ə)m/ · US /ˈloʊkəˌlɪzəm/ noun

Forms localisms

  1. noun (uncountable) Attachment to or preference for a particular local place, especially the place where one lives; hence, feelings, opinions, or policies which emphasize or focus on local phenomena; (countable) an instance of this.
  2. noun (politics) The policy or practice of giving more control and decision-making power to local authorities or residents, rather than to the central government; also, support for this.
  3. noun (countable) A thing which is characteristic of a particular local place.
  4. noun (countable) A linguistic feature such as a word or phrase that is unique to a locality.
  5. noun (uncountable) An approach to understanding linguistic expressions in terms of movement and position (sometimes abstract; for example, one who is hungry is said to be in a notional "space" of hunger).
  6. noun (uncountable) The belief that language functions are localized to various parts of the brain.
  7. noun (medicine, historical, uncountable) The belief that fevers or diseases causing them originate from particular organs or parts of the body, or are due to conditions in a particular local place where patients live.

Synonyms

localization sectionalism provincialism

Etymology

From local (adjective) + -ism (suffix forming names of tendencies of action, behaviour, condition, opinion, or state belonging to classes or groups of persons), originally modelled after French localisme.
Sense 3.2 (“approach to understanding linguistic expressions in terms of movement and position”) was coined by the British linguist John Lyons (1932–2020) in his book Semantics (1977).

Webster’s 1913

  1. noun The state or quality of being local; affection for a particular place.
  2. noun A method of speaking or acting peculiar to a certain district; a local idiom or phrase.

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “localism”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details