Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

naturalize

/ˈnæt͡ʃəɹəˌlaɪz/ verb

Forms naturalizes naturalizing naturalized naturalise

  1. verb (transitive) To grant citizenship to someone not born a citizen.
  2. verb (transitive) To acclimatize an animal or plant.
  3. verb To make natural. “Custom naturalizes labour or study.”
  4. verb (transitive) To limit explanations of a phenomenon to naturalistic ones and exclude supernatural ones.
  5. verb (linguistics, transitive) To make (a word) a natural part of the language, using the native homologue of each phoneme (and often for each morpheme) of the imported word (e.g., native inflections). “In English, foreign words are typically written in italics until they are naturalized.”
  6. verb (transitive, intransitive) To study nature.

Synonyms

paronymize naturalise domesticate cultivate tame

Antonyms

denaturalize exile expatriate other supernaturalize

Etymology

From Middle French naturaliser. By surface analysis, natural + -ize.

Webster’s 1913

  1. verb To make natural; as, custom naturalizes labor or study.
  2. verb To confer the rights and privileges of a native subject or citizen on; to make as if native; to adopt, as a foreigner into a nation or state, and place in the condition of a native subject.
  3. verb To become as if native.
  4. verb To explain phenomena by natural agencies or laws, to the exclusion of the supernatural.

Etymology [Cf. F. naturaliser. See Natural.]

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “naturalize”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details