Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

θ	thin	ð	this	ʃ	she	ʒ	measure
tʃ	church	dʒ	judge	ŋ	sing	j	yes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

-s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
-ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
-ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

old lady

noun

Forms old ladies

noun (literal, informal) An elderly woman. “The door was opened by a little old lady.”
noun (slang) One's mother. “My old lady was fond of corporal punishment.”
noun (slang, US) One's girlfriend, wife or female significant other. “His wife was asking where their savings account balance had gone, but the way he put it was that his old lady was ragging him about his pay rate.”
noun (informal, UK) The Bank of England, sometimes referred to as the “Old Lady of Threadneedle Street” or simply “The Old Lady”.
noun (chess, slang) A queen. “Watch out for that old lady waiting for you.”

Synonyms

Sources: Wiktionary — from the Wiktionary entry “old lady”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details