Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

perpetuate

UK /pəˈpɛt͡ʃʊeɪt/ · US /pɚˈpɛt͡ʃəˌweɪt/ verb, adjective

Forms perpetuates perpetuating perpetuated perpetuatest perpetuatedst perpetuateth

  1. verb (transitive) To make (something) perpetual; to make (something) continue for an indefinite time; also, to preserve (something) from extinction or oblivion.
  2. verb (law) To record (the testimony of a witness) which may be lost before a matter comes to trial.
  3. verb (transitive) To prolong the existence of (something) by repetition; to reinforce.
  4. adjective (archaic except poetic) Perpetual, or made perpetual; continued for an indefinite time.

Synonyms

eternalize eternize immortalize continue ageful agelong amaranthine celestial endless enduring eternal eterne everduring evergreen everlasting eviternal forever heavenly imperishable indesinent

Antonyms

earthly ephemeral brief deciduous evanescent fleeting flying fugacious fugitive instant momentary passing

Etymology

(16th century) From earlier perpetuat, learned borrowing from Latin perpetuātus (“perpetuated”), perfect passive participle of perpetuō (“to cause to continue uninterruptedly, to proceed with continually, to make perpetual, perpetuate”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), from perpetuus (“everlasting, perpetual”) + -ō (first conjugation verb-forming suffix), from per- (“thoroughly, very”) + petō (“to ask, request; to look for; to make for (somewhere)”) + -uus (forms adjectives from verbal stems), literally “that is asked with great zeal, over and over again”, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *peth₂- (“to spread out; to fly”).
* Old French perpetué (adjective) (Middle French perpetué (adjective)); Middle French perpétuer (verb) (modern French perpétuer (verb))
* Old Occitan perpetuar

From earlier preparat (see Etymology 1 and -ate (adjective-forming suffix) for more).

Webster’s 1913

  1. verb To make perpetual; to cause to endure, or to be continued, indefinitely; to preserve from extinction or oblivion; to eternize.
  2. adjective Made perpetual; perpetuated. [R.] Southey.

Etymology [L. perpetuatus, p.p. of perpetuare to perpetuate. See Perpetual.]

Etymology [L. perpetuatus, p.p.]

Sources: Wiktionary · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “perpetuate”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details