Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

petrify

/ˈpɛ.tɹəˌfaɪ/ verb

Forms petrifies petrifying petrified

  1. verb (transitive) To turn to stone: to harden organic matter by permeating with water and depositing dissolved minerals.
  2. verb To produce rigidity akin to stone.
  3. verb To immobilize with fright.
  4. verb (intransitive) To become stone, or of a stony hardness, as organic matter by calcareous deposits.
  5. verb (intransitive, figurative) To become stony, callous, or obdurate.
  6. verb (transitive, figurative) To make callous or obdurate; to stupefy; to paralyze; to transform; as by petrification.

Synonyms

alarm affright appall dismay fray frighten grill give someone the shits harrow horrify make someone's blood run cold mortify scare scare straight scare the bejeebers out of scare the hell out of scare the pants off of scare the shit out of terrorize terrify lapidify rigidify ossify

Etymology

From Middle French pétrifier, from Medieval Latin petrificāre, from Latin petra (“rock”), from Ancient Greek πέτρα (pétra, “rock”) + -ficāre, from facere (“do, make”), equivalent to petro- + -ify.

Webster’s 1913

  1. verb To convert, as any animal or vegetable matter, into stone or stony substance.
  2. verb To make callous or obdurate; to stupefy; to paralyze; to transform; as by petrifaction; as, to petrify the heart. Young.
  3. verb To become stone, or of a stony hardness, as organic matter by calcareous deposits.
  4. verb Fig.: To become stony, callous, or obdurate.

Etymology [L. petra rock, Gr. -fy: cf. F. pétrifier. Cf. Parrot, Petrel, Pier.]

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “petrify”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details