Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

θ	thin	ð	this	ʃ	she	ʒ	measure
tʃ	church	dʒ	judge	ŋ	sing	j	yes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

-s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
-ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
-ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

pin down

verb

Forms pins down pinning down pinned down

verb To attach or secure with pins. “Pin down the tablecloth, so it doesn't blow away in the breeze.”
verb (idiomatic) To identify something (e.g. a decision or plan) clearly or specifically. “Something is wrong, but I can't pin it down.”
verb (wrestling) To hold the opponent back-first so both his or her shoulders touch the mat or ground.
verb (idiomatic) To corner somebody in order to get a firm answer. “Let's try to pin him down on a price.”

Synonyms

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 — from the Wiktionary entry “pin down”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details