Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

θ	thin	ð	this	ʃ	she	ʒ	measure
tʃ	church	dʒ	judge	ŋ	sing	j	yes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

-s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
-ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
-ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

austral

/ˈɒstɹəl/ adjective, noun, proper noun

Forms australs

adjective Of, relating to, or coming from the south. “an austral migrant”
noun A former currency of Argentina. Its symbol was ₳.
proper noun A Polynesian language spoken on the Austral Islands of French Polynesia.
proper noun A suburb of Sydney in the Liverpool council area, New South Wales, Australia.

Synonyms

From Spanish austral, from Latin australis.

adjective Southern; lying or being in the south; as, austral land; austral ocean. Austral signs (Astron.), the last six signs of the zodiac, or those south of the equator.

Etymology [L. australis, fr. auster: cf. F. austral.]

Sources: Wiktionary · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “austral”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details