Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

pollard

UK /ˈpɒl.əd/ · US /ˈpɑ.lɚd/ noun, verb, proper noun

Forms pollards pollarding pollarded

  1. noun (often attributive) A pruned tree; the wood of such trees.
  2. noun A buck deer that has shed its antlers.
  3. noun A hornless variety of domestic animal, such as cattle or goats.
  4. noun (obsolete, rare) A European chub (Squalius cephalus, syn. Leuciscus cephalus), a kind of fish.
  5. noun (now Australia) A fine grade of bran including some flour. The fine cell layer between bran layers and endosperm, used for animal feed.
  6. noun (numismatics, historical) A 13th-century European coin minted as a debased counterfeit of the sterling silver penny of Edward I of England, at first legally accepted as a halfpenny and then outlawed.
  7. verb (horticulture) To prune a tree heavily, cutting branches back to the trunk, so that it produces dense new growth.
  8. proper noun A surname transferred from the nickname.
  9. proper noun A town in Escambia County, Alabama, United States.
  10. proper noun A minor city in Clay County, Arkansas, United States.
  11. proper noun An unincorporated community in Victoria Township, Rice County, Kansas, United States.

Synonyms

poll

Etymology

From Middle English poll (“head”) + the pejorative suffix -ard (“person characterized by or associated with something, often in a negative way”). The suffix has the same meaning as in drunkard and coward. When used as a verb, it is often used to mean a cut head, which originates from the terms usage in cattle, where "pollarded" is used to mean "headed," as opposed to horned.

From Middle English poll (“head”) + the pejorative suffix -ard (“person characterized by or associated with something, often in a negative way”). The suffix has the same meaning as in drunkard and coward.

Webster’s 1913

  1. noun A tree having its top cut off at some height above the ground, that may throw out branches. Pennant.
  2. noun A clipped coin; also, a counterfeit. [Obs.] Camden.
  3. verb To lop the tops of, as trees; to poll; as, to pollard willows.

Etymology [From Poll the head.]

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “pollard”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details

Sanskrit

Sanskrit dictionary entries whose meaning includes “pollard” (best matches first).