Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

precedent

/ˈpɹɛs.ɪ.dənt/ noun, adjective, verb

Forms precedents precedenting precedented præcedent

  1. noun An act in the past which may be used as an example to help decide the outcome of similar instances in the future.
  2. noun (law) A decided case which is cited or used as an example to justify a judgment in a subsequent case.
  3. noun An established habit or custom.
  4. noun (obsolete, with definite article) The aforementioned (thing).
  5. noun The previous version.
  6. noun (obsolete) A rough draught of a writing which precedes a finished copy.
  7. adjective Happening or taking place earlier in time; previous or preceding.
  8. adjective (now rare) Coming before in a particular order or arrangement; preceding, foregoing.
  9. verb (transitive, law) To provide precedents for.
  10. verb (transitive, law) To be a precedent for.

Synonyms

antecedent predecessive case in point case law common law

Etymology

From Middle French, from Old French, from Latin praecēdēns, present participle of praecēdere (“to precede”); See precede.

Webster’s 1913

  1. adjective Going before; anterior; preceding; antecedent; as, precedent services. Shak. "A precedent injury." Bacon. Condition precedent (Law), a condition which precede the vesting of an estate, or the accruing of a right.
  2. noun Something done or said that may serve as an example to authorize a subsequent act of the same kind; an authoritative example.
  3. noun A preceding circumstance or condition; an antecedent; hence, a prognostic; a token; a sign. [Obs.]

Etymology [L. praecedens, -entis, p. pr. of praecedere: cf. F. précédent. See Precede.]

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “precedent”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details

Sanskrit

Sanskrit dictionary entries whose meaning includes “precedent” (best matches first).