Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

θ	thin	ð	this	ʃ	she	ʒ	measure
tʃ	church	dʒ	judge	ŋ	sing	j	yes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

-s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
-ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
-ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

puff up

verb

Forms puffs up puffing up puffed up

verb (transitive) To inflate with air. “We puffed up the balloons.”
verb (transitive, intransitive) To fluff up, such as an animal raising its fur or feathers to appear larger or conserve body heat. “Small birds puff up while sleeping to keep warm.”
verb (intransitive) To swell due to injury or illness. “My hand puffed up where the cat had scratched me.”
verb (figurative, intransitive) To become proud. (Often written as puffed up with pride.)
verb To trump up.

Synonyms

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 — from the Wiktionary entry “puff up”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details