Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

referee

UK /ˌɹɛf.əˈɹiː/ · US /ˌɹɛf.əˈɹi/ noun, verb

Forms referees refereeing refereed

  1. noun (sports) An umpire or judge; an official who makes sure the rules are followed during a game. “The referee kicked Jim out of the game for fighting.”
  2. noun A person who settles a dispute.
  3. noun (UK) A person who writes a letter of reference or provides a reference by phone call for someone. (In the UK such a person is sometimes, and in the US the person is typically, referred to as a reference.) “Your application, along with letters from three referees, should be received by January 31.”
  4. noun An expert who judges the manuscript of an article or book to decide if it should be published.
  5. verb To act as a referee. “He has to referee three hockey games this weekend.”

Synonyms

ref reviewer reader umpire peer review

Etymology

From Middle English [Term?], from past participle of Old French referer (“to relate, to refer”), from Latin referre (“to carry back, to report, to notify”); as if refer + -ee, that is, the person to whom something is referred for consideration.

Webster’s 1913

  1. noun One to whom a thing is referred; a person to whom a matter in dispute has been referred, in order that he may settle it.

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “referee”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details