Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

θ	thin	ð	this	ʃ	she	ʒ	measure
tʃ	church	dʒ	judge	ŋ	sing	j	yes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

-s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
-ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
-ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

refusal

/ɹɪˈfjuːzl̩/ noun

Forms refusals

noun The act of refusing. “Your refusal to carry out your duties resulted in your sacking.”
noun (civil engineering) Depth or point at which well or borehole drilling cannot continue.

Synonyms

Inherited from Middle English refusell. By surface analysis, refuse + -al.

noun The act of refusing; denial of anything demanded, solicited, or offered for acceptance.
noun The right of taking in preference to others; the choice of taking or refusing; option; as, to give one the refusal of a farm; to have the refusal of an employment.

Sources: Wiktionary · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “refusal”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details

Sanskrit dictionary entries whose meaning includes “refusal” (best matches first).

प्रतिवाद prati-vāda an answer, reply, rejoinder; rejection, refusal.
उपरोध upa-rodha surrounding, blockading; obstruction, impediment, opposition, check, refusal; trouble, disturbance; binding,…
प्रतिषेधन prati-ṣedhana keeping or warding off; ( am ), n. the act of keeping or warding off, keeping back, expulsion; preventing, p…
प्रत्याख्यान praty-ākhyāna refusal, denial, disallowance; rejection, repulse; refutation; not admitting, not accepting as true; disrega…
प्रतिषेध prati-ṣedha keeping or warding off, keeping back, expulsion (of a disease etc.); forbidding, prohibition; denial, refusa…
निराकृति nir-ākṛti repudiation, rejection; refusal, disallowance; obstruction, obstacle, impediment, interruption; contradictio…
अपदेश apa-deśa turning away, refusal; pretence, feint, pretext, disguise, contrivance; the second step in a syllogism, acco…
निरसन nir-asana expelling, removing, rejecting; vomiting, spitting out; ( am ), n. expelling, ejecting; expulsion, removal, …