Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

θ	thin	ð	this	ʃ	she	ʒ	measure
tʃ	church	dʒ	judge	ŋ	sing	j	yes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

-s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
-ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
-ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

sadly

/ˈsædli/ adverb

Forms sadlier sadliest

adverb In a sad manner; sorrowfully. ““Only when we climb up can we see it,” he said sadly.”
adverb Unfortunately, sad to say. “If you think you’re getting out of this place alive, you are sadly mistaken, my friend.”
adverb In a manner to cause sadness; badly; terribly.
adverb (dated) Very much (of a desire etc.); dearly; urgently.
adverb (obsolete) Deeply, completely.

Synonyms

From Middle English sadly; equivalent to sad + -ly.

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “sadly”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details