Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

scuffle

/ˈskʌfəl/ noun, verb

Forms scuffles scuffling scuffled

  1. noun A rough, disorderly fight or struggle at close quarters.
  2. noun (slang) Poverty; struggle.
  3. noun (archaic) A child's pinafore or bib.
  4. verb (intransitive) To fight or struggle confusedly at close quarters.
  5. verb (intransitive) To walk with a shuffling gait.
  6. verb (slang) To make a living with difficulty, getting by on a low income, to struggle financially.
  7. noun A type of hoe, manipulated by both pushing and pulling, with a sharp blade parallel with the worked surface; an instance of this type.
  8. verb (agriculture) To work the soil surface for weeding, etc.

Synonyms

scuffle hoe Dutch hoe collinear hoe collineal hoe[Appendix:Glossary scarify cultivate grub weed hassle tussle dogfight rough-and-tumble scramble shuffle shamble

Etymology

Possibly of North Germanic/Scandinavian origin; compare Swedish skuff (“a push”) and skuffa (“to push”), from the Proto-Germanic base *skuf- (skuƀ), from Proto-Indo-European *skewbʰ-, see also Lithuanian skùbti (“to hurry”), Polish skubać (“to pluck”), Albanian humb (“to lose”).

The noun is a borrowing from Dutch schoffel; the English verb arose via subsequent verbification within English but is also parallel with Dutch schoffelen.

Webster’s 1913

  1. verb To strive or struggle with a close grapple; to wrestle in a rough fashion.
  2. verb Hence, to strive or contend tumultuously; to struggle confusedly or at haphazard.
  3. noun A rough, haphazard struggle, or trial of strength; a disorderly wrestling at close quarters.
  4. noun Hence, a confused contest; a tumultuous struggle for superiority; a fight.

Etymology [Freq. of scuff, v.i.; cf. Sw. skuffa to push, shove, skuff a push, Dan. skuffe a drawer, a shovel, and E. shuffle, shove. See Shove, and cf. Shuffle.]

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “scuffle”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details

Sanskrit

Sanskrit dictionary entries whose meaning includes “scuffle” (best matches first).