Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

shoddy

UK /ˈʃɒd.i/ · US /ˈʃɑ.di/ adjective, noun

Forms shoddier shoddiest shoddies

  1. adjective (of goods) Of poor quality or construction. “Do not settle for shoddy knives if you are serious about cooking.”
  2. adjective (of quality) Poor; low. “Do not settle for shoddy quality in your kitchen knives.”
  3. adjective (dated) Pretentious, sham, counterfeit.
  4. adjective (dated) Ambitious by reason of newly-acquired wealth; nouveau riche.
  5. noun A low-grade cloth made from by-products of wool processing, or from recycled wool.
  6. noun (dated) Worthless goods.
  7. noun (colloquial, dated) Vulgar pretence or sham.

Synonyms

spotty cruddy lousy trashy ass bad base below par bottom-shelf BTEC bum cheap cheap and nasty cheapshit cheesy chintzy coffee-and crap crappo crappy cheapjack tawdry jerry-built deceptive misleading

Etymology

* Unknown, but possibly from shoad (“loose stone and rubble; fragments”), equivalent to shoad + -y; or possibly from the Arabic word for reuse. Shoad was of inferior quality for building.
* The modern adjectival sense was apparently derived from inexpensive shoddy (“fabric from wool-processing byproduct”), which was not really suitable for (but was sometimes still used for) things such as military uniforms at the beginning of the US Civil War.

Webster’s 1913

  1. noun A fibrous material obtained by "deviling," or tearing into fibers, refuse woolen goods, old stockings, rags, druggets, etc. See Mungo.
  2. noun A fabric of inferior quality made of, or containing a large amount of, shoddy.
  3. adjective Made wholly or in part of shoddy; containing shoddy; as, shoddy cloth; shoddy blankets; hence, colloquially, not genuine; sham; pretentious; as, shoddy aristocracy.
  4. adjective A febrile disease characterized by dyspnoa and bronchitis caused by inhaling dust.

Etymology [Perhaps fr. Shed, v. t.; as meaning originally, waste stuff shedor thrown off.]

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “shoddy”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details