Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

slump

/slʌmp/ verb, noun

Forms slumps slumping slumped

  1. verb (intransitive) To collapse heavily or helplessly. “Exhausted, he slumped down onto the sofa.”
  2. verb (intransitive) To decline or fall off in activity or performance. “Real estate prices slumped during the recession.”
  3. verb (intransitive) To slouch or droop.
  4. verb (transitive) To lump; to throw together messily.
  5. verb (intransitive) To fall or sink suddenly through or in, when walking on a surface, as on thawing snow or ice, a bog, etc.
  6. verb (transitive, slang) To cause to collapse; to hit hard; to render unconscious; to kill.
  7. noun A heavy or helpless collapse; a slouching or drooping posture; a period of poor activity or performance, especially an extended period.
  8. noun (slang by extension) A period when a person goes without the expected amount of sex or dating.
  9. noun A period of poor performance. “If she doesn't pull out of her slump, her job may be in jeopardy.”
  10. noun A measure of the fluidity of freshly mixed concrete, based on how much the concrete formed in a standard slump cone sags when the cone is removed.
  11. noun (geology) A form of mass wasting in which a coherent mass of loosely consolidated materials or a rock layer moves a short distance down a slope.
  12. noun (geology, loosely) A crater or depression (an area where the ground slumps) which forms as a result of such wasting. (A large crater is colloquially called a megaslump.)
  13. noun (UK, dialect) A boggy place.
  14. noun (Scotland) The noise made by anything falling into a hole, or into a soft, miry place.

Synonyms

plump slack drop-off falloff falling off depression economic crisis slouch slide down sink fall off decline correct

Etymology

Probably of North Germanic origin: compare Danish slumpe (“to stumble upon by chance”), Norwegian slumpe (“happen by chance”), Norwegian slumpa (“happen by chance”), Swedish slumpa (“randomize; to sell off”), Swedish slump (“chance, randomness, happenstance”). Compare also German schlumpen (“to trail; draggle; be sloppy”), dialectal Dutch slompen (“to walk clumsily”).

Webster’s 1913

  1. noun The gross amount; the mass; the lump. [Scot.]
  2. verb To lump; to throw into a mess.
  3. verb To fall or sink suddenly through or in, when walking on a surface, as on thawing snow or ice, partly frozen ground, a bog, etc., not strong enough to bear the person.
  4. noun A boggy place. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

Etymology [Cf. D. slomp a mass, heap, Dan. slump a quantity, and E. slump, v.t.]

Etymology [Cf. Lump; also Sw. slumpa to bargain for the lump.]

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “slump”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details