Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

bash

/bæʃ/ verb, noun, proper noun

Forms bashes bashing bashed

  1. verb (informal) To strike heavily; to beat. “The thugs kept bashing the cowering victim.”
  2. verb (informal) To collide; used with into or together. “Don't bash into me with that shopping trolley.”
  3. verb (transitive, informal) To criticize harshly. “He bashed my ideas.”
  4. noun (informal) A forceful blow or impact. “He got a bash on the head.”
  5. noun (informal) A large party; a gala event. “They had a big bash to celebrate their tenth anniversary.”
  6. noun (UK, informal) An attempt at doing something. “give something a bash”
  7. verb (obsolete, transitive) To abash (make ashamed)
  8. proper noun (computing) The Free Software Foundation's command interpreter (the "shell") for UNIX-like operating systems.
  9. proper noun (computer languages) The scripting language provided with this interpreter.
  10. proper noun A diminutive of the male given name Sebastian.

Synonyms

lash knock bang smash belt do brawl sock bop whop whap bonk

Etymology

From Middle English *basshen, *basken, likely from Old Norse *baska (“to strike”), akin to Swedish basa (“to baste, whip, lash, flog”), Danish baske (“to beat, strike, cudgel”), German patschen (“to slap”)

From Middle English baschen, baissen. See abash.

Short for Bourne-again shell, a pun on the name of the Bourne shell, an earlier Unix shell designed by Stephen R. Bourne, and the Christian concept of being "born again".

Reflecting a dialect in which /s/ assimilates to /ʃ/ before /tʃ/

Webster’s 1913

  1. verb To abash; to disconcert or be disconcerted or put out of countenance. [Obs.]

Etymology [OE. baschen, baissen. See Abash.]

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “bash”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details