Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

stark

UK /stɑːk/ · US /stɑɹk/ adjective, adverb, verb, proper noun, noun

Forms starker starkest starks starking starked

  1. adjective (obsolete) Hard, firm; obdurate.
  2. adjective Severe; violent; fierce (now usually in describing the weather).
  3. adjective (poetic, literary or archaic) Strong; vigorous; powerful.
  4. adjective Stiff, rigid.
  5. adjective Plain in appearance; barren, desolate. “I picked my way forlornly through the stark, sharp rocks.”
  6. adjective Naked.
  7. adjective Complete, absolute, full. “I screamed in stark terror.”
  8. adverb Starkly; entirely, absolutely. “He's gone stark, staring mad.”
  9. verb (obsolete or dialect) To stiffen.
  10. proper noun A surname.
  11. proper noun An unincorporated community in Butts County, Georgia.
  12. proper noun An unincorporated community in Stark County, Illinois.
  13. proper noun A tiny city in Neosho County, Kansas.
  14. proper noun An unincorporated community in Elliott County, Kentucky.
  15. proper noun An unincorporated community in Pike County, Missouri.
  16. proper noun A small town in Coos County, New Hampshire.
  17. proper noun A small town in Herkimer County, New York, named after John Stark.
  18. noun (fiction) The language spoken in the Ender's Game series, which is nearly identical to American English.

Synonyms

blunt crude austere severe stern arrant complete consummate double-dyed everlasting gross perfect pure sodding staring thoroughgoing utter unadulterated bare barren bleak desolate

Etymology

From Middle English stark, starc, from Old English stearc, starc (“stiff, rigid, unyielding, obstinate, hard, strong, severe, violent”), from Proto-West Germanic *stark, from Proto-Germanic *starkuz (“stiff, strong”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)terg- (“rigid, stiff”).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian sterc (“strong”), Dutch sterk (“strong”), Low German sterk (“strong”), German stark (“strong”), Danish stærk (“strong”), Swedish stark (“strong”), Norwegian sterk (“strong”), Icelandic sterkur (“strong”). Related to starch.
In the phrase stark naked: an alternation of Middle English stert naked, from stert (“tail”), a literal parallel to the modern butt naked.

From Middle English starken, from Old English stearcian (“to stiffen, become hard, grow stiff or hard”), from Proto-Germanic *starkōną, *starkēną (“to stiffen, become hard”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)terg- (“rigid, stiff”). Cognate with German erstarken (“to strengthen”).

* As a Scottish and English surname, from the adjective stark.
* As a Jewish, German, and Swedish surname, from stark (“strong”), related to the above. This surname also appears in Czech and Slovak as Štark.

Webster’s 1913

  1. adjective Stiff; rigid. Chaucer.
  2. adjective Complete; absolute; full; perfect; entire. [Obs.]
  3. adverb Wholly; entirely; absolutely; quite; as, stark mind. Shak.
  4. verb To stiffen. [R.]

Etymology [OE. stark stiff, strong, AS. stearc; akin to OS. starc strong, D. sterk, OHG. starc, starah, G. & Sw. stark, Dan. stærk, Icel. sterkr, Goth. gastaúrknan to become dried up, Lith. strëgti to stiffen, to freeze. Cf. Starch, a. & n.]

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “stark”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details

Sanskrit

Sanskrit dictionary entries whose meaning includes “stark” (best matches first).