Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

stoke

UK /stəʊk/ · US /stoʊk/ verb, noun, proper noun

Forms stokes stoking stoked

  1. verb (transitive, obsolete) To poke, pierce, thrust.
  2. noun An act of poking, piercing, thrusting
  3. verb (transitive) To feed, stir up, especially, a fire or furnace.
  4. verb (transitive, by extension) To encourage a behavior or emotion.
  5. verb (intransitive) To attend to or supply a furnace with fuel; to act as a stoker or fireman.
  6. proper noun A former civil parish in Cheshire East, Cheshire, now merged into Stoke and Hurleston civil parish.
  7. proper noun A village on Hayling Island, Hampshire, England (OS grid ref SU7102).
  8. proper noun A village and civil parish in Medway borough, Kent, England; the parish includes Lower Stoke and Middle Stoke (OS grid ref TQ8275).
  9. proper noun An eastern suburb of Coventry, West Midlands, England (there are a few places in Coventry with other affixes of Stoke) (OS grid ref SP3679).
  10. proper noun A civil parish in Bromsgrove district, Worcestershire, England.
  11. proper noun An outer suburb of Nelson, New Zealand, not far from Richmond, named after Stoke-by-Nayland in England.

Etymology

From Middle English stoken, from Middle Dutch stoken (“to poke, thrust”) or Middle Low German stoken (“to poke, thrust”), from Old Dutch *stokon or Old Saxon *stokon, both from Proto-West Germanic *stokōn, from Proto-Germanic *stukōną (“to be stiff, push”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewg- (“to push, beat”).
Cognate with Middle High German stoken (“to pierce, jab”), Norwegian Nynorsk stauka (“to push, thrust”). Alternative etymology derives the Middle English word from Old French estoquer, estochier (“to thrust, strike”), from the same Germanic source. More at stock.

From a back-formation of stoker, apparently from Dutch stoker, from stoken (“to kindle a fire, incite, instigate”), from Middle Dutch stoken (“to poke, thrust”), from stock (“stick, stock”), see: tandenstoker. Ultimately the same word as above.

From Old English stoc (“place”).

Webster’s 1913

  1. verb To stick; to thrust; to stab. [Obs.]
  2. verb To poke or stir up, as a fire; hence, to tend, as the fire of a furnace, boiler, etc.
  3. verb To poke or stir up a fire; hence, to tend the fires of furnaces, steamers, etc.

Etymology [OE. stoken, fr. D. stoken, fr. stok a stick (cf. OF. estoquier to thrust, stab; of Teutonic origin, and akin to D. stok). See Stock.]

Sources: Wiktionary · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “stoke”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details