Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

tosh

UK /tɒʃ/ · US /tɑʃ/ noun, verb, adjective, adverb, proper noun

Forms toshes toshing toshed tosher toshest tush Tash

  1. noun (uncountable, UK, slang, obsolete) Copper; items made of copper.
  2. noun (uncountable, chiefly UK, slang, rare) Valuables retrieved from drains and sewers.
  3. noun (chiefly UK, slang, uncountable) Rubbish, trash, (now especially) nonsense, bosh, balderdash
  4. noun (UK, archaic school slang, countable) A bath or foot pan
  5. noun (cricket, slang, derogatory, uncountable) Easy bowling
  6. noun (UK, humorous slang, uncountable) Used as a form of address.
  7. verb (UK, obsolete slang) To steal copper, particularly from ship hulls
  8. verb (chiefly UK, uncommon slang) To search for valuables in sewers
  9. verb (UK, archaic school slang) To use a tosh-pan, either to wash, to splash, or to "bath"
  10. adjective (Scotland, obsolete) Tight.
  11. adjective (Scotland) Neat, clean; tidy, trim.
  12. adjective (Scotland) Comfortable, agreeable; friendly, intimate.
  13. adverb (Scotland) Toshly: neatly, tidily
  14. verb (Scotland) To make ‘tosh’: to tidy, to trim.
  15. noun (UK, obsolete slang, countable) A half-crown coin; its value
  16. noun (UK, obsolete slang, countable) A crown coin; its value
  17. noun (UK, archaic slang, uncountable) Any money, particularly pre-decimalization British coinage
  18. proper noun A surname.
  19. proper noun A Hassidic community
  20. proper noun Synonym of Nyírtass (Nyírtass); A village in Hungary

Synonyms

nonsense Nyírtass baloney boloney bilgewater bosh drool humbug taradiddle tarradiddle tommyrot twaddle

Etymology

From 19th-century British thieves' cant, of uncertain origin. Perhaps from *tarsh, a metathetic alteration of trash; or from toss.
Sense of nonsense possibly influenced by tush (“nonsense! tsk tsk!”) attested from 15th century.

Compare Old French tonce (“shorn, clipped”) and English tonsure.

From 19th-century British slang tosheroon, from or alongside tusheroon, of uncertain derivation from British slang caroon (“crown, a 5-shilling silver coin”), from Sabir and (originally) Italian corona (“crown”). The term was either derived from or influenced by madza caroon, the British slang for the Sabir and Italian mezzo corona (“half-crown”), possibly under influence from tosh (“copper items; valuables”) above or from the half-crown's value of two shillings & sixpence.

From Yiddish טאהש (Tosh), from Hebrew טאהש (Tash).

Webster’s 1913

  1. adjective Neat; trim. [Scot.] Jomieson.

Etymology [Cf. OF. tonce shorn, clipped, and E. tonsure.]

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “tosh”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details