Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

ullage

/ˈʌl.ɪd͡ʒ/ noun, verb

Forms ullages ullaging ullaged

  1. noun (wine) In a wine bottle, the empty space between the cork and the top of the wine.
  2. noun (alcohol production) In a cask or barrel, the empty space, occupied by air, that is created by not completely filling the cask or barrel, or through spillage.
  3. noun (wine) The topping up of such a barrel with fresh wine.
  4. noun In an industrial setting, the empty space in a tank, especially as for fuel.
  5. noun Additional cargo of little or no value taken on to prevent movement or shifting of the purposive cargo.
  6. noun (slang, obsolete, in the plural) Leftover wine surreptitiously drunk by waiters as they clear away the glasses.
  7. verb (alcohol production) To gauge the amount of empty space between the top of a cask and the level of liquid inside it.

Synonyms

ulling

Etymology

From Middle English ulage, from Anglo-Norman ulliage, from *ullier (“to fill a partially empty cask”), from Old French oel (“bunghole”, literally “eye”), from Latin oculus (“eye”). See French ouillage.

Webster’s 1913

  1. noun The amount which a vessel, as a cask, of liquor lacks of being full; wantage; deficiency.

Etymology [OF. eullage, ovillage, the filling up of a cask, fr. ouillier, oillier, euillier, to fill a wine cask; properly, to add oil to prevent evaporation, as to a flask that is nearly full, fr. OF. oile oil. See Oil.]

Sources: Wiktionary · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “ullage”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details