Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

umbra

/ˈʌmbɹə/ noun

Forms umbras umbrae umbræ

  1. noun The fully shaded inner region of a shadow cast by an opaque object.
  2. noun (astronomy) The area on the earth or moon experiencing the total phase of an eclipse.
  3. noun (astronomy) The central region of a sunspot.
  4. noun (chiefly literary) A shadow.
  5. noun (archaic) An uninvited guest brought along by one who was invited.
  6. noun One of the family Umbridae of mudminnows.
  7. noun One of genus Umbrina of drums (family Sciaenidae).
  8. noun (mathematics) An element of the umbral calculus.

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin umbra (“shadow”). Doublet of umber.

Webster’s 1913

  1. noun (a) The conical shadow projected from a planet or satellite, on the side opposite to the sun, within which a spectator could see no portion of the sun's disk; --used in contradistinction from penumbra. See Penumbra.
  2. noun Any one of several species of sciænoid food fishes of the genus Umbrina, especially the Mediterranean species (U. cirrhosa), which is highly esteemed as a market fish; --called also ombre, and umbrine.

Etymology [L., a shadow.]

Sources: Wiktionary · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “umbra”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details