Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

stub

/stʌb/ noun, verb

Forms stubs stubbing stubbed

  1. noun Something blunted, stunted, or cut short, such as stubble or a stump.
  2. noun A piece of certain paper items, designed to be torn off and kept for record or identification purposes. “check stub”
  3. noun (programming) A placeholder procedure that has the signature of the planned procedure but does not yet implement the intended behavior.
  4. noun (computing, middleware) A procedure that translates requests from external systems into a format suitable for processing and then submits those requests for processing.
  5. noun (typography, in tabular matter) A row heading in a table (with horizontal reference, whereas a column heading has vertical reference).
  6. noun (wiki jargon) An article providing only minimal information and intended for later development.
  7. noun (electronics, radio frequency circuits) A length of transmission line or waveguide that is connected at one end only.
  8. noun The remaining part of the docked tail of a dog
  9. verb (transitive) To remove most of a tree, bush, or other rooted plant by cutting it close to the ground.
  10. verb (transitive) To remove a plant by pulling it out by the roots.
  11. verb (transitive) To jam, hit, or bump, especially a toe. “I stubbed my toe trying to find the light switch in the dark.”

Synonyms

sidehead nub ticket stub check stub counterfoil butt

Etymology

From Middle English stubbe (“tree stump”), from Old English stybb, stubb (“tree stump”), from Proto-West Germanic *stubb, from Proto-Germanic *stubbaz (compare Middle Dutch stubbe, Old Norse stubbr, Faroese stubbi (“stub”)), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tew-; compare steep (“sharp slope”). Doublet of stob.
Sense extended in Middle English to similarly shaped objects. Verb sense “strike one’s toe” is recorded 1848; “extinguish a cigarette” 1927.

Webster’s 1913

  1. noun The stump of a tree; that part of a tree or plant which remains fixed in the earth when the stem is cut down; --applied especially to the stump of a small tree, or shrub.
  2. noun A log; a block; a blockhead. [Obs.] Milton.
  3. verb To grub up by the roots; to extirpate; as, to stub up edible roots.
  4. verb To remove stubs from; as, to stub land.

Etymology [OE. stubbe, AS. stub, styb; akin to D. stobbe, LG. stubbe, Dan. stub, Sw. stubbe, Icel. stubbr, stubbi; cf. Gr. 1. The stump of a tree; that part of a tree or plant which remains fixed in the earth when the stem is cut down; -- applied especially to the stump of a small tree, or shrub. Stubs sharp and hideous to behold. Chaucer. And prickly stubs instead of trees are found. Dryden. 2. A log; a block; a blockhead. [Obs.]

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “stub”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details