Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

by

/baɪ/ preposition, adverb, adjective, proper noun

Forms bys bye

  1. preposition Near or next to. “The mailbox is by the bus stop.”
  2. preposition From one side of something to the other, passing close by; past. “The stream runs by our back door.”
  3. preposition Not later than (the given time); not later than the end of (the given time interval); before. “Be back by ten o'clock!”
  4. preposition After a given amount of time has elapsed or a given event has occurred. “By February, we were all sick of the cold.”
  5. preposition Following a passive verb. “The matter was decided by the chairman.”
  6. preposition Following a noun.
  7. preposition (not in common modern use) Following an adjective.
  8. preposition Indicates the creator of a work: Existing through the authorship etc. of. “There are many well-known plays by William Shakespeare”
  9. adverb Along a path which runs past someone or something. “I watched the parade as it passed by.”
  10. adverb In the vicinity, near. “There was a shepherd close by.”
  11. adverb To or at a place, as a residence or place of business. “I'll stop by on my way home from work.”
  12. adverb (uncommon outside the phrase 'put by') Aside, away. “The women spent much time after harvest putting jams by for winter and spring.”
  13. adverb (uncommon except in set phrases) Beyond or past a certain point. “I'll somehow manage to get by.”
  14. adjective Out of the way, off to one side. “a by path; a by room”
  15. adjective Subsidiary, incidental. “by catch; a by issue”
  16. proper noun (rail transport) The station code of Byculla railway station in India.

Synonyms

past aside away

Antonyms

main principal

Etymology

From Middle English by, bi, from Old English bī (“by; near; around”), from Proto-West Germanic *bī, from Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi.
Cognate with West Frisian by (“by; near”), Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”), Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”), Dutch bij (“near; by”), German Low German bi (“by; near; at”), German bei (“by; near; at”).

From the preposition by.

Webster’s 1913

  1. preposition In the neighborhood of; near or next to; not far from; close to; along with; as, come and sit by me. By foundation or by shady rivulet He sought them both. Milton.
  2. preposition On; along; in traversing. Compare 5.
  3. adverb Near; in the neighborhood; present; as, there was no person by at the time.
  4. adverb Passing near; going past; past; beyond; as, the procession has gone by; a bird flew by.

Etymology [OE. bi, AS. bi, big, near to, by, of, from, after, according to; akin to OS.& OFries. bi, be, D. bij, OHG. bi, G. bie, Goth. bi, and perh. Gr.. E. prefix be- is orig.the same word. pref. Be-.]

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “by”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details