Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

duke

/dʒuːk/ noun, verb, proper noun

Forms dukes duking duked

  1. noun The male ruler of a duchy (female equivalent: duchess).
  2. noun The sovereign of a small state.
  3. noun A high title of nobility; the male holder of a dukedom.
  4. noun A grand duke.
  5. noun Any of various nymphalid butterflies of the Asian genera Bassarona and Dophla.
  6. noun (slang, usually in the plural) A fist. “Put up your dukes!”
  7. verb (transitive, informal) To hit or beat with the fists.
  8. verb (slang, transitive) To give cash to; to give a tip to. “I duked him twenty dollars.”
  9. verb To perform the duties of, or rule over as, a duke.
  10. noun The title of a duke.
  11. proper noun (countable) A male given name from English; mostly US and rather rare.
  12. proper noun (countable) A surname originating as an occupation for service in the household of a duke, or from a nickname.
  13. proper noun (informal) A male nickname.
  14. proper noun (informal, usually with the definite article) The American actor John Wayne.
  15. proper noun An unincorporated community in Phelps County, Missouri, United States.
  16. proper noun A township in Harnett County, North Carolina, United States.

Synonyms

tip

Etymology

From Old French duc, through Middle English duk, duke, from Latin dux, ducis. Displaced native Old English heretoga. Was present as duc in late Old English, from the same Latin source. Doublet of doge, duc, duce, and dux. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dewk-, which is also the source of the second component in German Herzog.
The “fist” sense is thought to be Cockney rhyming slang where “Duke(s) of York” = fork. Fork is itself Cockney slang for hand, and thus fist.

Webster’s 1913

  1. A leader; a chief; a prince. [Obs.]
  2. In England, one of the highest order of nobility after princes and princesses of the royal blood and the four archbishops of England and Ireland.
  3. verb To play the duke. [Poetic]

Etymology [F. duc, fr. L. dux, ducis, leader, commander, fr. ducere to lead; akin to AS. teón to draw; cf. AS. heretoga (here army) an army leader, general, G. herzog duke. See Tue, and cf. Doge, Duchess, Ducat, Duct, Adduce, Deduct.]

Sources: Wiktionary · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “duke”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details