Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

lack

/læk/ noun, verb

Forms lacks lacking lacked

  1. noun A deficiency or need (of something desirable or necessary); an absence, want, dearth. “It is a question of money, or lack of same.”
  2. noun (obsolete) A defect or failing; moral or spiritual degeneracy.
  3. verb (transitive, stative) To be without, not to have, to need, to require. “My life lacks excitement.”
  4. verb (intransitive) To be short (of or for something). “He'll never lack for company while he's got all that money.”
  5. verb (intransitive, obsolete) To be in want.
  6. verb (obsolete) To see the deficiency in (someone or something); to find fault with, to malign, reproach.
  7. verb (African-American Vernacular) To be off one's guard. “His opps caught him lacking.”

Synonyms

paucity dearth deficiency deficit dejection inadequacy infrequency insufficiency meagerness nonsufficiency penury rareness rarity scantiness scarcity shortage shortcoming unsufficiency want miss

Antonyms

glut surplus plethora adequacy excess

Etymology

From Middle English lack, lakke, lak, from Old English *læc (“deficiency, lack, want”), from Proto-West Germanic *lak, from Proto-Germanic *laką, *lakaz (“slackness”), from Proto-Germanic *lakaz (“limp, slack, loose, low”), related to *lak(k)ōną (“to blame, reproach”), from Proto-Indo-European *lok-néh₂-. Cognate with Saterland Frisian Lak (“lack”), Middle Low German lack, lak (“lack”), Dutch lak (“lack, deficiency, calumny”), Icelandic lakur (“lacking”). Related also to Middle Dutch laken (“to blame, lack”).
Eclipsed non-native Middle English carence (“absence, lack”), from Old French carence.

From Middle English lacken, lakken, laken, from Old English læccian, *lacian (“to blame, criticise, lack”), from Proto-West Germanic *lak(k)ōn (“to blame, be lacking”), from Proto-Germanic *lak(k)ōną (“to reproach, blame, be lacking”), from Proto-Indo-European *lok-néh₂-. Cognate with Old Frisian lakia, lekia (“to contest, blame”), Middle Low German lacken, laken (“to reproach, blame, criticise”), Middle Dutch laken (“to disapprove, blame, lack”), Dutch laken (“to blame, reproach”).

Webster’s 1913

  1. noun Blame; cause of blame; fault; crime; offense. [Obs.] Chaucer.
  2. noun Deficiency; want; need; destitution; failure; as, a lack of sufficient food.
  3. verb To blame; to find fault with. [Obs.]
  4. verb To be without or destitute of; to want; to need.

Etymology [OE. lak; cf. D. lak slander, laken to blame, OHG. lahan, AS. leán.]

Etymology [Cf. Alack.]

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “lack”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details

Sanskrit

Sanskrit dictionary entries whose meaning includes “lack” (best matches first).