Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

“abstaining” is a form of

abstain

/əbˈsteɪn/ verb

Forms abstains abstaining abstained abstainest abstainedst abstaineth

  1. verb (transitive, reflexive, obsolete) Keep or withhold oneself.
  2. verb (intransitive) Refrain from (something or doing something); keep from doing, especially an indulgence. “In order to improve his health, Rob decided to abstain from smoking.”
  3. verb To refrain from drinking alcohol.
  4. verb (intransitive, obsolete) Fast (not eat for a period).
  5. verb (intransitive) Deliberately refrain from casting one's vote at a meeting where one is present. “I abstain from this vote, as I have no particular preference.”
  6. verb (transitive, obsolete) Hinder; keep back; withhold.

Synonyms

abjure deny oneself forbear forgo give up refrain relinquish withhold desist

Antonyms

consume

Etymology

First attested around 1380. From Middle English absteynen, absteinen, abstenen, from Old French astenir, abstenir, from Latin abstineō (“to hold oneself back”) from abs- (“from”) + teneō (“to hold”). See also tenable.

Webster’s 1913

  1. verb To hold one's self aloof; to forbear or refrain voluntarily, and especially from an indulgence of the passions or appetites; --with from.
  2. verb To hinder; to withhold.

Etymology [OE. absteynen, abstenen, OF. astenir, abstenir, F. abstenir, fr. L. abstinere, abstentum, v. t. & v. i., to keep from; ab, abs + tenere to hold. See Tenable.]

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “abstain”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details

Sanskrit

Sanskrit dictionary entries whose meaning includes “abstain” (best matches first).