Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

bitterness

/ˈbɪtənəs/ noun

Forms bitternesses

  1. noun The quality of having a bitter taste.
  2. noun The quality of feeling bitter; acrimony, resentment; the quality of exhibiting such feelings. “the bitterness of his words”
  3. noun The quality of eliciting a bitter, humiliating or harsh feeling. “Nothing could assuage the bitterness of their defeat.”
  4. noun Harsh cold. “The bitterness of the winter caught us all by surprise.”

Synonyms

acrimony gall rancor resentment bile acerbicness acridity acridness acerbity alkalinity astringency wormwood rancour jaundice tartness thorniness bitter

Antonyms

sweetness

Etymology

From Middle English bitternesse, biternesse, from Old English biternes (“bitterness; grief”), equivalent to bitter + -ness.

Webster’s 1913

  1. noun The quality or state of being bitter, sharp, or acrid, in either a literal or figurative sense; implacableness; resentfulness; severity; keenness of reproach or sarcasm; deep distress, grief, or vexation of mind.
  2. noun A state of extreme impiety or enmity to God.

Etymology [AS. biternys; biter better + -nys = -ness.]

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “bitterness”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details

Sanskrit

Sanskrit dictionary entries whose meaning includes “bitterness” (best matches first).