“bruises” is a form of
bruise
UK /bɹuːz/ · US /bɹuz/ verb, noun
Forms bruises bruising bruised bruize brise
- verb (transitive) To strike (a person), originally with something flat or heavy, but now specifically in such a way as to discolour the skin without breaking it; to contuse.
- verb (transitive) To damage the skin of (fruit or vegetables), in an analogous way.
- verb (intransitive) Of fruit or vegetables, to gain bruises through being handled roughly. “Bananas bruise easily.”
- verb (intransitive) To become bruised. “I bruise easily.”
- verb (intransitive) To fight with the fists; to box.
- verb (transitive, figurative) To harm or injure somebody's feelings or self-esteem. “Her thoughtless remarks bruised my ego.”
- verb (transitive) To impair (gin) by shaking rather than stirring.
- noun A purplish mark on the skin due to leakage of blood from capillaries under the surface that have been damaged by a blow.
- noun A dark mark on fruit or vegetables caused by a blow to the surface.
Synonyms
Etymology
From Middle English bruisen, brusen, brosen, brisen, bresen, from a merger two words, both ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrews- (“to break”):
* Old English brȳsan, brīesan (“to bruise; crush”), from Proto-Germanic *brausijaną, *brūsijaną (“to break; crumble; crack”). Provided the word's sense.
* Anglo-Norman bruiser, bruser (“to break, smash, shatter”), from Gaulish *brus-, from Proto-Celtic *bruseti (“to break”). Provided the word's form.
Cognate with Scots brizz, German brausen (“to roar; boom; pound”), Old English brosnian (“to crumble, fall apart”), Dutch broos (“brittle”), German Brosame (“crumb”), dialectal Norwegian brøysk (“breakable”), Latin frustum (“bit, scrap”), Old Church Slavonic бръснути (brŭsnuti, “to rake”), Albanian breshër (“hail”).
Webster’s 1913
- verb To injure, as by a blow or collision, without laceration; to contuse; as, to bruise one's finger with a hammer; to bruise the bark of a tree with a stone; to bruise an apple by letting it fall.
- verb To break; as in a mortar; to bray, as minerals, roots, etc.; to crush.
- verb To fight with the fists; to box. Bruising was considered a fine, manly, old English custom. Thackeray.
- noun An injury to the flesh of animals, or to plants, fruit, etc., with a blunt or heavy instrument, or by collision with some other body; a contusion; as, a bruise on the head; bruises on fruit.
Etymology [OE. brusen, brisen, brosen, bresen, AS. br or fr. OF. bruiser, bruisier, bruser, to break, shiver, perh. from OHG. brochison. Cf. Break, v. t.]
Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “bruise”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details