Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

θ	thin	ð	this	ʃ	she	ʒ	measure
tʃ	church	dʒ	judge	ŋ	sing	j	yes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

-s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
-ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
-ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

causal

/ˈkɔːzəl/ adjective, noun

Forms causals

adjective Of, relating to, or being a cause of something; causing. “There is no causal relationship between eating carrots and seeing in the dark.”
noun (grammar) A word (such as because) that expresses a reason or a cause.

Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin causalis, from Latin causa (“cause”), equivalent to cause + -al, see cause.

Etymology [L. causalis. See Cause.]

Sources: Wiktionary · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “causal”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details

Sanskrit dictionary entries whose meaning includes “causal” (best matches first).

कारणिक kāraṇika and ī, am, causal, causative, investigating, ascertaining the cause.
वर् var the form assumed by the rt. vṛ (q.v.) in cl. 10. and causal, and in the following derivatives.
कारित kārita caused to be made or done, brought about, effected; ( ā ), f., scil. vṛddhiḥ, interest, the amount of which …
प्रेरण preraṇa driving on; ( am, ā ), n. f. the act of urging on, inciting, driving, instigating; impulse, passion; sending…
हेतुक hetuka a cause, active cause, instrument ( = hetu ); a logician; ( as, ā, am ), causal, instrumental, belonging to …
हैतुक haituka causal, causative; argumentative, rationalistic; ( as ), m. a reasoner, arguer, logical reasoner; a follower…
कारितान्त kāritānta ending with a causal affix.
प्रेरणार्थ preraṇārtha having the sense of inciting or of the causal verb.