Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

growl

/ˈɡɹaʊ̯l/ noun, verb

Forms growls growling growled groil groul

  1. noun A deep, rumbling, threatening sound made in the throat by an animal.
  2. noun (by extension) A similar sound made by a human.
  3. noun (by extension) The rumbling sound made by a human's hungry stomach.
  4. noun (by extension) An aggressive grumbling.
  5. noun (jazz, by extension) A low-pitched rumbling sound produced with a wind instrument.
  6. noun (by extension) Death growl
  7. verb (intransitive) To utter a deep guttural sound, as an angry animal; to give forth an angry, grumbling sound. “The dog growled at me as I walked past.”
  8. verb (intransitive, jazz) Of a wind instrument: to produce a low-pitched rumbling sound.
  9. verb (intransitive, software) To send a user a message via the Growl software library.
  10. verb (transitive) To express (something) by growling. “The old man growled his displeasure at the postman.”
  11. verb (transitive, jazz) To play a wind instrument in a way that produces a low-pitched rumbling sound.
  12. verb (intransitive) To perform death growl vocals.

Synonyms

gnar gnarl gurl snarl growling grumble rumble

Etymology

From Middle English groulen, grollen, gurlen (“of the bowels: to growl, rumble”), either possibly from Old French groler (variant of croler (“to be agitated, shake”)), grouler, grouller (“to growl, grumble”), from Frankish *grullen, *gruljan or from Old English gryllan, both from Proto-Germanic *gruljaną (“to make a sound; to growl, grumble, rumble”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰer- (“to make a noise; to mumble, murmur; to rattle; to grind; to rub, stroke”), probably ultimately imitative. The word is cognate with Middle Dutch grollen (“to make a noise; to croak, grumble, murmur; to be angry”) (modern Dutch grollen (“to grumble”)), German grollen (“to rumble; to be angry, bear ill will”), Old English grillan, griellan (“to provoke, offend; to gnash the teeth”). Compare grill.
The noun is derived from the verb.

Webster’s 1913

  1. verb To utter a deep guttural sound, sa an angry dog; to give forth an angry, grumbling sound. Gay.
  2. verb To express by growling. Thomson.
  3. noun The deep, threatening sound made by a surly dog; a grumbling sound.

Etymology [D. grollen to grunt, murmur, be angry; akin to G. grollen to be angry.]

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “growl”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details

Sanskrit

Sanskrit dictionary entries whose meaning includes “growl” (best matches first).