Scripture · Sanskrit Bible with the King James Version · the Pāli Canon
Questions of King Milinda 114 मिलिन्दपञ्ह 114
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1. Seṭṭhadhammapañha
Pāli in Devanagari; under each word its Roman pronunciation, syllable by syllable (ṃ = nasal hum). Tap a Pāli word for its meaning (PTS Pāli-English Dictionary); tap again to open it in the Pāli dictionary. There is no free English translation of this book, so it is shown in Pāli only.
Verse: 12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334 · Hide pronunciation
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मिलिन्दपञ्हmi·lin·da·pañ·ha
Milindapañha
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मेण्डकपञ्हmeṇ·ḍa·ka·pañ·ha
Meṇḍakapañha
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पणामितवग्गpa·ṇā·mi·ta·vag·ga
Paṇāmitavagga
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1। सेट्ठधम्मपञ्हseṭ·ṭha·dham·ma·pañ·ha
1. Seṭṭhadhammapañha
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“भन्तेbhan·te नागसेन,nā·ga·se·na भासितम्पेतंbhā·si·tam·pe·taṃ भगवता—bha·ga·va·tā
“Bhante nāgasena, bhāsitampetaṁ bhagavatā—
(Pāli only)
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पुनpu·na चca ‘उपासकोu·pā·sa·ko गिहीgi·hī सोतापन्नोso·tā·pan·no पिहितापायोpi·hi·tā·pā·yo दिट्ठिप्पत्तोdiṭ·ṭhip·pat·to विञ्ञातसासनोviñ·ñā·ta·sā·sa·no भिक्खुंbhik·khuṃ वाvā सामणेरंsā·ma·ṇe·raṃ वाvā पुथुज्जनंpu·thuj·ja·naṃ अभिवादेतिa·bhi·vā·de·ti पच्चुट्ठेती’ति।pac·cuṭ·ṭhe·tī
Puna ca ‘upāsako gihī sotāpanno pihitāpāyo diṭṭhippatto viññātasāsano bhikkhuṁ vā sāmaṇeraṁ vā puthujjanaṁ abhivādeti paccuṭṭhetī’ti.
(Pāli only)
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‘धम्मोdham·mo हि,hi वासेट्ठ,vā·seṭ·ṭha सेट्ठोseṭ·ṭho जनेतस्मिंja·ne·tas·miṃ दिट्ठेdiṭ·ṭhe चेवce·va धम्मेdham·me अभिसम्परायेa·bhi·sam·pa·rā·ye चा’ति,cā तेनte·na हिhi ‘उपासकोu·pā·sa·ko गिहीgi·hī सोतापन्नोso·tā·pan·no पिहितापायोpi·hi·tā·pā·yo दिट्ठिप्पत्तोdiṭ·ṭhip·pat·to विञ्ञातसासनोviñ·ñā·ta·sā·sa·no भिक्खुंbhik·khuṃ वाvā सामणेरंsā·ma·ṇe·raṃ वाvā पुथुज्जनंpu·thuj·ja·naṃ अभिवादेतिa·bhi·vā·de·ti पच्चुट्ठेती’तिpac·cuṭ·ṭhe·tī यंyaṃ वचनं,va·ca·naṃ तंtaṃ मिच्छा।mic·chā
‘dhammo hi, vāseṭṭha, seṭṭho janetasmiṁ diṭṭhe ceva dhamme abhisamparāye cā’ti, tena hi ‘upāsako gihī sotāpanno pihitāpāyo diṭṭhippatto viññātasāsano bhikkhuṁ vā sāmaṇeraṁ vā puthujjanaṁ abhivādeti paccuṭṭhetī’ti yaṁ vacanaṁ, taṁ micchā.
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यदिya·di ‘उपासकोu·pā·sa·ko गिहीgi·hī सोतापन्नोso·tā·pan·no पिहितापायोpi·hi·tā·pā·yo दिट्ठिप्पत्तोdiṭ·ṭhip·pat·to विञ्ञातसासनोviñ·ñā·ta·sā·sa·no भिक्खुंbhik·khuṃ वाvā सामणेरंsā·ma·ṇe·raṃ वाvā पुथुज्जनंpu·thuj·ja·naṃ अभिवादेतिa·bhi·vā·de·ti पच्चुट्ठेति’,pac·cuṭ·ṭhe·ti तेनte·na हिhi ‘धम्मोdham·mo हि,hi वासेट्ठ,vā·seṭ·ṭha सेट्ठोseṭ·ṭho जनेतस्मिंja·ne·tas·miṃ दिट्ठेdiṭ·ṭhe चेवce·va धम्मेdham·me अभिसम्परायेa·bhi·sam·pa·rā·ye चा’तिcā तम्पिtam·pi वचनंva·ca·naṃ मिच्छा।mic·chā
Yadi ‘upāsako gihī sotāpanno pihitāpāyo diṭṭhippatto viññātasāsano bhikkhuṁ vā sāmaṇeraṁ vā puthujjanaṁ abhivādeti paccuṭṭheti’, tena hi ‘dhammo hi, vāseṭṭha, seṭṭho janetasmiṁ diṭṭhe ceva dhamme abhisamparāye cā’ti tampi vacanaṁ micchā.
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अयम्पिa·yam·pi उभतोu·bha·to कोटिकोko·ṭi·ko पञ्होpañ·ho तवानुप्पत्तो,ta·vā·nup·pat·to सोso तयाta·yā निब्बाहितब्बो”ति।nib·bā·hi·tab·bo
Ayampi ubhato koṭiko pañho tavānuppatto, so tayā nibbāhitabbo”ti.
(Pāli only)
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“भासितम्पेतं,bhā·si·tam·pe·taṃ महाराज,ma·hā·rā·ja भगवताbha·ga·va·tā ‘धम्मोdham·mo हि,hi वासेट्ठ,vā·seṭ·ṭha सेट्ठोseṭ·ṭho जनेतस्मिंja·ne·tas·miṃ दिट्ठेdiṭ·ṭhe चेवce·va धम्मेdham·me अभिसम्परायेa·bhi·sam·pa·rā·ye चा’ति,cā ‘उपासकोu·pā·sa·ko चca गिहीgi·hī सोतापन्नोso·tā·pan·no पिहितापायोpi·hi·tā·pā·yo दिट्ठिप्पत्तोdiṭ·ṭhip·pat·to विञ्ञातसासनोviñ·ñā·ta·sā·sa·no भिक्खुंbhik·khuṃ वाvā सामणेरंsā·ma·ṇe·raṃ वाvā पुथुज्जनंpu·thuj·ja·naṃ अभिवादेतिa·bhi·vā·de·ti पच्चुट्ठेति’।pac·cuṭ·ṭhe·ti
“Bhāsitampetaṁ, mahārāja, bhagavatā ‘dhammo hi, vāseṭṭha, seṭṭho janetasmiṁ diṭṭhe ceva dhamme abhisamparāye cā’ti, ‘upāsako ca gihī sotāpanno pihitāpāyo diṭṭhippatto viññātasāsano bhikkhuṁ vā sāmaṇeraṁ vā puthujjanaṁ abhivādeti paccuṭṭheti’.
(Pāli only)
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वीसतिvī·sa·ti खोkho पनिमे,pa·ni·me महाराज,ma·hā·rā·ja समणस्सsa·ma·ṇas·sa समणकरणाsa·ma·ṇa·ka·ra·ṇā धम्माdham·mā द्वेdve चca लिङ्गानि,liṅ·gā·ni येहिye·hi समणोsa·ma·ṇo अभिवादनपच्चुट्ठानसम्माननपूजनारहोa·bhi·vā·da·na·pac·cuṭ·ṭhā·na·sam·mā·na·na·pū·ja·nā·ra·ho होति।ho·ti
Vīsati kho panime, mahārāja, samaṇassa samaṇakaraṇā dhammā dve ca liṅgāni, yehi samaṇo abhivādanapaccuṭṭhānasammānanapūjanāraho hoti.
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सेट्ठोseṭ·ṭho धम्मारामो,dham·mā·rā·mo अग्गोag·go नियमो,ni·ya·mo चारोcā·ro विहारोvi·hā·ro संयमोsaṃ·ya·mo संवरोsaṃ·va·ro खन्तिkhan·ti सोरच्चंso·rac·caṃ एकत्तचरियाe·kat·ta·ca·ri·yā एकत्ताभिरतिe·kat·tā·bhi·ra·ti पटिसल्लानंpa·ṭi·sal·lā·naṃ हिरिओत्तप्पंhi·ri·ot·tap·paṃ वीरियंvī·ri·yaṃ अप्पमादोap·pa·mā·do सिक्खासमादानंsik·khā·sa·mā·dā·naṃ उद्देसोud·de·so परिपुच्छाpa·ri·puc·chā सीलादिअभिरतिsī·lā·di·a·bhi·ra·ti निरालयताni·rā·la·ya·tā सिक्खापदपारिपूरिता,sik·khā·pa·da·pā·ri·pū·ri·tā कासावधारणं,kā·sā·va·dhā·ra·ṇaṃ भण्डुभावो।bhaṇ·ḍu·bhā·vo
Seṭṭho dhammārāmo, aggo niyamo, cāro vihāro saṁyamo saṁvaro khanti soraccaṁ ekattacariyā ekattābhirati paṭisallānaṁ hiriottappaṁ vīriyaṁ appamādo sikkhāsamādānaṁ uddeso paripucchā sīlādiabhirati nirālayatā sikkhāpadapāripūritā, kāsāvadhāraṇaṁ, bhaṇḍubhāvo.
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एतेe·te गुणेgu·ṇe भिक्खुbhik·khu समादायsa·mā·dā·ya वत्तति,vat·ta·ti सोso तेसंte·saṃ धम्मानंdham·mā·naṃ अनूनत्ताa·nū·nat·tā परिपुण्णत्ताpa·ri·puṇ·ṇat·tā सम्पन्नत्ताsam·pan·nat·tā समन्नागतत्ताsa·man·nā·ga·tat·tā असेक्खभूमिंa·sek·kha·bhū·miṃ अरहन्तभूमिंa·ra·han·ta·bhū·miṃ ओक्कमति,ok·ka·ma·ti सेट्ठंseṭ·ṭhaṃ भूमन्तरंbhū·man·ta·raṃ ओक्कमति,ok·ka·ma·ti अरहत्तासन्नगतोतिa·ra·hat·tā·san·na·ga·to·ti अरहतिa·ra·ha·ti उपासकोu·pā·sa·ko सोतापन्नोso·tā·pan·no भिक्खुंbhik·khuṃ पुथुज्जनंpu·thuj·ja·naṃ अभिवादेतुंa·bhi·vā·de·tuṃ पच्चुट्ठातुं।pac·cuṭ·ṭhā·tuṃ
Ete guṇe bhikkhu samādāya vattati, so tesaṁ dhammānaṁ anūnattā paripuṇṇattā sampannattā samannāgatattā asekkhabhūmiṁ arahantabhūmiṁ okkamati, seṭṭhaṁ bhūmantaraṁ okkamati, arahattāsannagatoti arahati upāsako sotāpanno bhikkhuṁ puthujjanaṁ abhivādetuṁ paccuṭṭhātuṁ.
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‘खीणासवेहिkhī·ṇā·sa·ve·hi सोso सामञ्ञंsā·mañ·ñaṃ उपगतो,u·pa·ga·to नत्थिnat·thi मेme सोso समयो’तिsa·ma·yo अरहतिa·ra·ha·ti उपासकोu·pā·sa·ko सोतापन्नोso·tā·pan·no भिक्खुंbhik·khuṃ पुथुज्जनंpu·thuj·ja·naṃ अभिवादेतुंa·bhi·vā·de·tuṃ पच्चुट्ठातुं।pac·cuṭ·ṭhā·tuṃ
‘Khīṇāsavehi so sāmaññaṁ upagato, natthi me so samayo’ti arahati upāsako sotāpanno bhikkhuṁ puthujjanaṁ abhivādetuṁ paccuṭṭhātuṁ.
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‘अग्गपरिसंag·ga·pa·ri·saṃ सोso उपगतो,u·pa·ga·to नाहंnā·haṃ तंtaṃ ठानंṭhā·naṃ उपगतो’तिu·pa·ga·to अरहतिa·ra·ha·ti उपासकोu·pā·sa·ko सोतापन्नोso·tā·pan·no भिक्खुंbhik·khuṃ पुथुज्जनंpu·thuj·ja·naṃ अभिवादेतुंa·bhi·vā·de·tuṃ पच्चुट्ठातुं।pac·cuṭ·ṭhā·tuṃ
‘Aggaparisaṁ so upagato, nāhaṁ taṁ ṭhānaṁ upagato’ti arahati upāsako sotāpanno bhikkhuṁ puthujjanaṁ abhivādetuṁ paccuṭṭhātuṁ.
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‘लभतिla·bha·ti सोso पातिमोक्खुद्देसंpā·ti·mok·khud·de·saṃ सोतुं,so·tuṃ नाहंnā·haṃ तंtaṃ लभामिla·bhā·mi सोतुन्’तिso·tun अरहतिa·ra·ha·ti उपासकोu·pā·sa·ko सोतापन्नोso·tā·pan·no भिक्खुंbhik·khuṃ पुथुज्जनंpu·thuj·ja·naṃ अभिवादेतुंa·bhi·vā·de·tuṃ पच्चुट्ठातुं।pac·cuṭ·ṭhā·tuṃ
‘Labhati so pātimokkhuddesaṁ sotuṁ, nāhaṁ taṁ labhāmi sotun’ti arahati upāsako sotāpanno bhikkhuṁ puthujjanaṁ abhivādetuṁ paccuṭṭhātuṁ.
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‘सोso अञ्ञेañ·ñe पब्बाजेतिpab·bā·je·ti उपसम्पादेतिu·pa·sam·pā·de·ti जिनसासनंji·na·sā·sa·naṃ वड्ढेति,vaḍ·ḍhe·ti अहमेतंa·ha·me·taṃ नna लभामिla·bhā·mi कातुन्’तिkā·tun अरहतिa·ra·ha·ti उपासकोu·pā·sa·ko सोतापन्नोso·tā·pan·no भिक्खुंbhik·khuṃ पुथुज्जनंpu·thuj·ja·naṃ अभिवादेतुंa·bhi·vā·de·tuṃ पच्चुट्ठातुं।pac·cuṭ·ṭhā·tuṃ
‘So aññe pabbājeti upasampādeti jinasāsanaṁ vaḍḍheti, ahametaṁ na labhāmi kātun’ti arahati upāsako sotāpanno bhikkhuṁ puthujjanaṁ abhivādetuṁ paccuṭṭhātuṁ.
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‘अप्पमाणेसुap·pa·mā·ṇe·su सोso सिक्खापदेसुsik·khā·pa·de·su समत्तकारी,sa·mat·ta·kā·rī नाहंnā·haṃ तेसुte·su वत्तामी’तिvat·tā·mī अरहतिa·ra·ha·ti उपासकोu·pā·sa·ko सोतापन्नोso·tā·pan·no भिक्खुंbhik·khuṃ पुथुज्जनंpu·thuj·ja·naṃ अभिवादेतुंa·bhi·vā·de·tuṃ पच्चुट्ठातुं।pac·cuṭ·ṭhā·tuṃ
‘Appamāṇesu so sikkhāpadesu samattakārī, nāhaṁ tesu vattāmī’ti arahati upāsako sotāpanno bhikkhuṁ puthujjanaṁ abhivādetuṁ paccuṭṭhātuṁ.
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‘उपगतोu·pa·ga·to सोso समणलिङ्गं,sa·ma·ṇa·liṅ·gaṃ बुद्धाधिप्पायेbud·dhā·dhip·pā·ye ठितो,ṭhi·to तेनाहंte·nā·haṃ लिङ्गेनliṅ·ge·na दूरमपगतो’तिdū·ra·ma·pa·ga·to अरहतिa·ra·ha·ti उपासकोu·pā·sa·ko सोतापन्नोso·tā·pan·no भिक्खुंbhik·khuṃ पुथुज्जनंpu·thuj·ja·naṃ अभिवादेतुंa·bhi·vā·de·tuṃ पच्चुट्ठातुं।pac·cuṭ·ṭhā·tuṃ
‘Upagato so samaṇaliṅgaṁ, buddhādhippāye ṭhito, tenāhaṁ liṅgena dūramapagato’ti arahati upāsako sotāpanno bhikkhuṁ puthujjanaṁ abhivādetuṁ paccuṭṭhātuṁ.
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‘परूळ्हकच्छलोमोpa·rū·ḷha·kac·cha·lo·mo सोso अनञ्जितअमण्डितोa·nañ·ji·ta·a·maṇ·ḍi·to अनुलित्तसीलगन्धो,a·nu·lit·ta·sī·la·gan·dho अहंa·haṃ पनpa·na मण्डनविभूसनाभिरतो’तिmaṇ·ḍa·na·vi·bhū·sa·nā·bhi·ra·to अरहतिa·ra·ha·ti उपासकोu·pā·sa·ko सोतापन्नोso·tā·pan·no भिक्खुंbhik·khuṃ पुथुज्जनंpu·thuj·ja·naṃ अभिवादेतुंa·bhi·vā·de·tuṃ पच्चुट्ठातुं।pac·cuṭ·ṭhā·tuṃ
‘Parūḷhakacchalomo so anañjitaamaṇḍito anulittasīlagandho, ahaṁ pana maṇḍanavibhūsanābhirato’ti arahati upāsako sotāpanno bhikkhuṁ puthujjanaṁ abhivādetuṁ paccuṭṭhātuṁ.
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अपिa·pi च,ca महाराज,ma·hā·rā·ja ‘येye तेte वीसतिvī·sa·ti समणकरणाsa·ma·ṇa·ka·ra·ṇā धम्माdham·mā द्वेdve चca लिङ्गानि,liṅ·gā·ni सब्बेपेतेsab·be·pe·te धम्माdham·mā भिक्खुस्सbhik·khus·sa संविज्जन्ति,saṃ·vij·jan·ti सोयेवso·ye·va तेte धम्मेdham·me धारेति,dhā·re·ti अञ्ञेपिañ·ñe·pi तत्थtat·tha सिक्खापेति,sik·khā·pe·ti सोso मेme आगमोā·ga·mo सिक्खापनञ्चsik·khā·pa·nañ·ca नत्थी’तिnat·thī अरहतिa·ra·ha·ti उपासकोu·pā·sa·ko सोतापन्नोso·tā·pan·no भिक्खुंbhik·khuṃ पुथुज्जनंpu·thuj·ja·naṃ अभिवादेतुंa·bhi·vā·de·tuṃ पच्चुट्ठातुं।pac·cuṭ·ṭhā·tuṃ
Api ca, mahārāja, ‘ye te vīsati samaṇakaraṇā dhammā dve ca liṅgāni, sabbepete dhammā bhikkhussa saṁvijjanti, soyeva te dhamme dhāreti, aññepi tattha sikkhāpeti, so me āgamo sikkhāpanañca natthī’ti arahati upāsako sotāpanno bhikkhuṁ puthujjanaṁ abhivādetuṁ paccuṭṭhātuṁ.
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यथा,ya·thā महाराज,ma·hā·rā·ja राजकुमारोrā·ja·ku·mā·ro पुरोहितस्सpu·ro·hi·tas·sa सन्तिकेsan·ti·ke विज्जंvij·jaṃ अधीयति,a·dhī·ya·ti खत्तियधम्मंkhat·ti·ya·dham·maṃ सिक्खति,sik·kha·ti सोso अपरेनa·pa·re·na समयेनsa·ma·ye·na अभिसित्तोa·bhi·sit·to आचरियंā·ca·ri·yaṃ अभिवादेतिa·bhi·vā·de·ti पच्चुट्ठेतिpac·cuṭ·ṭhe·ti ‘सिक्खापकोsik·khā·pa·ko मेme अयन्’ति;a·yan
Yathā, mahārāja, rājakumāro purohitassa santike vijjaṁ adhīyati, khattiyadhammaṁ sikkhati, so aparena samayena abhisitto ācariyaṁ abhivādeti paccuṭṭheti ‘sikkhāpako me ayan’ti;
(Pāli only)
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29
एवमेवe·va·me·va खो,kho महाराज,ma·hā·rā·ja ‘भिक्खुbhik·khu सिक्खापकोsik·khā·pa·ko वंसधरो’तिvaṃ·sa·dha·ro अरहतिa·ra·ha·ti उपासकोu·pā·sa·ko सोतापन्नोso·tā·pan·no भिक्खुंbhik·khuṃ पुथुज्जनंpu·thuj·ja·naṃ अभिवादेतुंa·bhi·vā·de·tuṃ पच्चुट्ठातुं।pac·cuṭ·ṭhā·tuṃ
evameva kho, mahārāja, ‘bhikkhu sikkhāpako vaṁsadharo’ti arahati upāsako sotāpanno bhikkhuṁ puthujjanaṁ abhivādetuṁ paccuṭṭhātuṁ.
(Pāli only)
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30
अपिa·pi च,ca महाराज,ma·hā·rā·ja इमिनापेतंi·mi·nā·pe·taṃ परियायेनpa·ri·yā·ye·na जानाहिjā·nā·hi भिक्खुभूमियाbhik·khu·bhū·mi·yā महन्ततंma·han·ta·taṃ असमविपुलभावं।a·sa·ma·vi·pu·la·bhā·vaṃ
Api ca, mahārāja, imināpetaṁ pariyāyena jānāhi bhikkhubhūmiyā mahantataṁ asamavipulabhāvaṁ.
(Pāli only)
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31
यदि,ya·di महाराज,ma·hā·rā·ja उपासकोu·pā·sa·ko सोतापन्नोso·tā·pan·no अरहत्तंa·ra·hat·taṃ सच्छिकरोति,sac·chi·ka·ro·ti द्वेवdve·va तस्सtas·sa गतियोga·ti·yo भवन्तिbha·van·ti अनञ्ञाa·nañ·ñā तस्मिंयेवtas·miṃ·ye·va दिवसेdi·va·se परिनिब्बायेय्यpa·ri·nib·bā·yey·ya वा,vā भिक्खुभावंbhik·khu·bhā·vaṃ वाvā उपगच्छेय्य।u·pa·gac·chey·ya
Yadi, mahārāja, upāsako sotāpanno arahattaṁ sacchikaroti, dveva tassa gatiyo bhavanti anaññā tasmiṁyeva divase parinibbāyeyya vā, bhikkhubhāvaṁ vā upagaccheyya.
(Pāli only)
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32
अचलाa·ca·lā हिhi सा,sā महाराज,ma·hā·rā·ja पब्बज्जा,pab·baj·jā महतीma·ha·tī अच्चुग्गता,ac·cug·ga·tā यदिदंya·di·daṃ भिक्खुभूमी”ति।bhik·khu·bhū·mī
Acalā hi sā, mahārāja, pabbajjā, mahatī accuggatā, yadidaṁ bhikkhubhūmī”ti.
(Pāli only)
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33
“ञाणगतो,ñā·ṇa·ga·to भन्तेbhan·te नागसेन,nā·ga·se·na पञ्होpañ·ho सुनिब्बेठितोsu·nib·be·ṭhi·to बलवताba·la·va·tā अतिबुद्धिनाa·ti·bud·dhi·nā तया,ta·yā नna यिमंyi·maṃ पञ्हंpañ·haṃ समत्थोsa·mat·tho अञ्ञोañ·ño एवंe·vaṃ विनिवेठेतुंvi·ni·ve·ṭhe·tuṃ अञ्ञत्रañ·ñat·ra तवादिसेनta·vā·di·se·na बुद्धिमता”ति।bud·dhi·ma·tā
“Ñāṇagato, bhante nāgasena, pañho sunibbeṭhito balavatā atibuddhinā tayā, na yimaṁ pañhaṁ samattho añño evaṁ viniveṭhetuṁ aññatra tavādisena buddhimatā”ti.
(Pāli only)
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34
सेट्ठधम्मपञ्होseṭ·ṭha·dham·ma·pañ·ho पठमो।pa·ṭha·mo
Seṭṭhadhammapañho paṭhamo.
(Pāli only)
Sources. Sanskrit: Satyavedaḥ, the New Testament in Sanskrit (Calcutta Baptist Missionaries, 1851; J. Wenger’s revision of W. Carey’s version). Digital text © 2018 SanskritBible.in, via eBible.org, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0; changed here: arranged by verse and every word linked to the dictionary (links made automatically). Old Testament Sanskrit: the Old Testament in Sanskrit, Calcutta Baptist Mission Press, 1848–1852 (public domain), read by OCR from the Internet Archive scans of the Boston University School of Theology copy; unproofread, with machine clean-up only. Pāli Canon: Mahāsaṅgīti Tipiṭaka Buddhavasse 2500 (based on the Vipassana Research Institute’s Chaṭṭha Saṅgāyana edition), from SuttaCentral bilara-data, CC0; Devanagari and pronunciation made automatically from the Roman text. Pāli English: Bhikkhu Sujato (suttas) and Bhikkhu Brahmali (Vinaya), SuttaCentral, CC0. Pāli word meanings: the Pali Text Society’s Pali-English Dictionary (Rhys Davids & Stede), corrected reprint © The Pali Text Society, CC BY-NC 3.0, digital text from BuddhaDust; word matching automatic. English: King James Version (1769), public domain; words the translators added are in italics. Word meanings and pronunciations: Monier-Williams, Sanskrit–English Dictionary (1872), via this site’s Sanskrit dictionary (CC BY-SA 4.0); English↔Sanskrit word matches made automatically and may need checking.