Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

undulate

/ˈʌndjəleɪt/ verb, adjective

Forms undulates undulating undulated

  1. verb (transitive) To cause to move in a wavelike motion.
  2. verb (transitive) To cause to resemble a wave.
  3. verb (intransitive) To move in wavelike motions. “His tongue undulated.”
  4. verb (intransitive) To appear wavelike.
  5. adjective Wavy in appearance or form.
  6. adjective Changing the pitch and volume of one's voice.
  7. adjective (botany, of a margin) sinuous, winding up and down.

Synonyms

ripple ruffle riffle cockle roll flap wave

Etymology

First attested in 1664; borrowed from New Latin undulātus, the perfect passive participle of undulō (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), from an unattested *undula (“small wave”), diminutive of Latin unda (“wave”).

Borrowed from Late Latin undulātus (“undulated”), see -ate (adjective-forming suffix).

Webster’s 1913

  1. adjective Same as Undulated.
  2. verb To cause to move backward and forward, or up and down, in undulations or waves; to cause to vibrate.
  3. verb To move in, or have, undulations or waves; to vibrate; to wave; as, undulating air.

Etymology [L. undulatus undulated, wavy, a dim. from unda a wave; cf. AS. unnr; perhaps akin to E. water. Cf. Abound, Inundate, Redound, Surround.]

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “undulate”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details