Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

up to

UK /ˈʌp tuː/ · US /ˈʌp tə/ preposition, adjective

  1. preposition Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see up, to. “She went up to the third floor.”
  2. preposition Capable, ready or equipped, having sufficient material preconditions for, possibly willpower (at a particular moment). “to feel up to it”
  3. preposition Willing, interested in “Are you up to going to the beach?”
  4. preposition As much as; no more than (also with of). “You can make up to five copies.”
  5. preposition Until. “Up to that point, I liked her.”
  6. preposition Within the responsibility of, to be attributed to the sphere of influence of, having someone or something as authoritative in. “It’s up to you whether to get the blue one or the red one.”
  7. preposition Doing, involved in. “to be up to”
  8. preposition Devising, scheming (planning something mischievous or inappropriate). “He looked like a man up to no good.”
  9. adjective (uncommon) Willing, interested in.

Synonyms

equal up until down to modulo adequate to capable equal to

Etymology

From Middle English up to, from Old English up tō.

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 — from the Wiktionary entry “up to”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details