Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

upcast

/ˈʌpkæst/ adjective, noun, verb

Forms upcasts upcasting upcasted

  1. adjective Cast up; thrown upward.
  2. noun (bowling) A cast; a throw.
  3. noun (mining) The ventilating shaft of a mine out of which the air passes after having circulated through the mine.
  4. noun (mining) A current of air passed along such a shaft.
  5. noun (Scotland) An upset, as from a carriage.
  6. noun (Scotland) A taunt; a reproach.
  7. noun (computing) A cast from subtype to supertype.
  8. noun A message transmitted via upcasting.
  9. verb (transitive, obsolete) To cast or throw up; to turn upward.
  10. verb (transitive, Scotland) To taunt; to reproach; to upbraid.
  11. verb (transitive, computing) To cast from subtype to supertype.
  12. verb To broadcast a message or data to aircraft or satellites, especially via radio waves; as opposed to uplinking to a specific satellite or aircraft

Synonyms

upcast pit upcast shaft

Antonyms

downcast

Etymology

From Middle English upcasten, equivalent to up- + cast.

Webster’s 1913

  1. adjective Cast up; thrown upward; as, with upcast eyes. Addison.
  2. noun A cast; a throw. Shak.
  3. noun The ventilating shaft of a mine out of which the air passes after having circulated through the mine; --distinguished from the downcast. Called also upcast pit, and upcast shaft.
  4. verb To cast or throw up; to turn upward. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Sources: Wiktionary · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “upcast”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details