Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

upgrade

/ˈʌp.ɡɹeɪd/ noun, verb, adverb

Forms upgrades upgrading upgraded further upgrade farther upgrade furthest upgrade farthest upgrade

  1. noun An upward grade or slope.
  2. noun An improved component or replacement item, usually applied to technology. “With my phone company, I get a free upgrade every twelve months if I keep topping up 10 pounds a month.”
  3. noun An improvement. “The remarried couples among my friends often joke that their divorce and remarriage amounted to an upgrade.”
  4. verb (transitive) To improve, usually applied to technology, generally by complete replacement of one or more components. “When you upgrade your standard of living, you become addicted to that standard of living.”
  5. verb (transitive) To replace with something better. “I had to upgrade my anti-virus software to protect my computer from the newer threats.”
  6. verb (transitive) To improve the equipment or furnishings of or services rendered to. “They upgraded him to the latest model.”
  7. verb (intransitive) To improve in condition or status. “She upgraded to a more successful husband.”
  8. verb (intransitive, transitive, computing) To replace a program with a later version of itself, a version having a higher version number or marketed under a more recent product name. “She waited a long time to upgrade from Windows 10 to Windows 11, hoping the worst bugs would be worked out before she took the plunge.”
  9. adverb Up a slope or grade.

Synonyms

option ascent acclivity rise raise climb rising slope promote advance kick upstairs elevate

Antonyms

downgrade step back

Etymology

From up- + grade.

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 — from the Wiktionary entry “upgrade”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details