Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

vindicate

/ˈvɪndɪˌkeɪ̯t/ verb

Forms vindicates vindicating vindicated

  1. verb (transitive) To clear of an accusation, suspicion or criticism. “to vindicate someone's honor”
  2. verb (transitive) To justify by providing evidence. “to vindicate a right, claim or title”
  3. verb (transitive) To maintain or defend (a cause) against opposition. “to vindicate the rights of labor movement in developing countries”
  4. verb (transitive) To be proven reasonable, correct, or justified.
  5. verb (transitive) To provide justification for. “The violent history of the suspect vindicated the use of force by the police.”
  6. verb (transitive) To lay claim to; to assert a right to; to claim.
  7. verb (transitive, obsolete) To liberate; to set free; to deliver.
  8. verb (transitive, obsolete) To avenge; to punish. “a war to vindicate infidelity”

Synonyms

absolve clear exonerate acquittance assoil assoilzie acquit disculp disculpate exculpate justify

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin vindicātus, perfect passive participle of vindicō (“lay legal claim to something; set free; protect, avenge, punish”), from vim, accusative singular of vīs (“force, power”), + dīcō (“say; declare, state”). See avenge.

Webster’s 1913

  1. verb To lay claim to; to assert a right to; to claim. [R.]
  2. verb To maintain or defend with success; to prove to be valid; to assert convincingly; to sustain against assault; as, to vindicate a right, claim, or title.

Etymology [L. vindicatus, p. p. of vindicare to lay claim to, defend, avenge. See Vengeance.]

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “vindicate”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details